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{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:1,x:842,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"",p:1,x:1139,y:1368,w:5,h:15},
{t:"MELTING ICE",p:1,x:304,y:871,w:841,h:157},
{t:"A HOT TOPIC",p:1,x:308,y:991,w:838,h:157},
{t:"Climate Change and the Cryosphere",p:1,x:570,y:1151,w:575,h:39},
{t:"OUR PLANET",p:1,x:16,y:-1,w:1162,h:234},
{t:"The magazine of the United Nations Environment Programme -  May 2007",p:1,x:654,y:201,w:506,h:27},
{t:"2",p:2,x:60,y:1368,w:5,h:15},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:2,x:97,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"OUR ",p:2,x:51,y:51,w:189,h:90},
{t:"PLANET",p:2,x:51,y:134,w:255,h:90},
{t:"Helen Bjørnøy, Minister of the ",p:2,x:390,y:60,w:238,h:22},
{t:"Environment of Norway...",p:2,x:390,y:83,w:191,h:22},
{t:"...calls for political leadership to revive international ",p:2,x:747,y:361,w:393,h:22},
{t:"negotiations — and keep the world’s ice frozen.",p:2,x:747,y:383,w:361,h:22},
{t:"...asks for commitment at the political, ",p:2,x:820,y:59,w:292,h:22},
{t:"corporate and grassroots level to combat ",p:2,x:820,y:81,w:316,h:22},
{t:"climate change.",p:2,x:820,y:103,w:120,h:22},
{t:"a diferent planet - page 7",p:2,x:820,y:160,w:279,h:32},
{t:"...outlines new solutions for an ",p:2,x:902,y:207,w:234,h:22},
{t:"accumulating problem, and ",p:2,x:902,y:229,w:214,h:22},
{t:"describes how his country is ",p:2,x:902,y:251,w:218,h:22},
{t:"aiming to become carbon neutral.",p:2,x:902,y:273,w:258,h:22},
{t:"new dynamics  - page 12",p:2,x:747,y:460,w:268,h:32},
{t:"Roberto Dobles, Minister of Environment ",p:2,x:390,y:210,w:323,h:22},
{t:"and Energy of Costa Rica and President of ",p:2,x:390,y:232,w:319,h:22},
{t:"UNEP’s Governing Council and the Global ",p:2,x:390,y:254,w:319,h:22},
{t:"Ministerial Environment Forum... ",p:2,x:390,y:276,w:251,h:22},
{t:"agenda for action - page 9 ",p:2,x:390,y:310,w:296,h:32},
{t:"Sheila Watt-Cloutier, 2005 ",p:2,x:390,y:509,w:212,h:22},
{t:"UNEP Champion of the ",p:2,x:390,y:532,w:178,h:22},
{t:"Earth for North America, and ",p:2,x:390,y:554,w:222,h:22},
{t:"International Chair of the ",p:2,x:390,y:576,w:194,h:22},
{t:"Inuit Circumpolar Conference ",p:2,x:390,y:598,w:228,h:22},
{t:"2002–2006...",p:2,x:390,y:620,w:95,h:22},
{t:"...argues that the efects of climate change on ",p:2,x:819,y:509,w:349,h:22},
{t:"the Arctic and its people should be seen as a ",p:2,x:819,y:531,w:341,h:22},
{t:"matter of human rights.",p:2,x:819,y:553,w:180,h:22},
{t:"a human issue - page 14",p:2,x:819,y:610,w:261,h:32},
{t:"Yvo de Boer, Executive ",p:2,x:391,y:360,w:180,h:22},
{t:"Secretary of the UN ",p:2,x:391,y:383,w:151,h:22},
{t:"Framework Convention on ",p:2,x:391,y:405,w:206,h:22},
{t:"Climate Change...",p:2,x:391,y:427,w:132,h:22},
{t:"china: climate change ",p:2,x:839,y:733,w:241,h:32},
{t:"and development - page 16",p:2,x:839,y:760,w:300,h:32},
{t:"...examines the challenge before the ",p:2,x:839,y:656,w:278,h:22},
{t:"world’s fastest developing nation.",p:2,x:839,y:678,w:255,h:22},
{t:"Qin Dahe, co-Chair, Working Group 1  ",p:2,x:390,y:653,w:291,h:22},
{t:"of the Intergovernmental Panel ",p:2,x:390,y:676,w:241,h:22},
{t:"on Climate Change and, until April ",p:2,x:390,y:698,w:265,h:22},
{t:"2007, Administrator of the China ",p:2,x:390,y:720,w:251,h:22},
{t:"Meteorological Administration...",p:2,x:390,y:742,w:244,h:22},
{t:"Susana Bischof, Graciela Canziani and  ",p:2,x:390,y:803,w:318,h:22},
{t:"Patricia Centurión, explain the importance of ",p:2,x:390,y:825,w:356,h:22},
{t:"water from glaciers and snowmelt in Latin America ",p:2,x:390,y:848,w:389,h:22},
{t:"and suggest how to adapt to its disappearance.",p:2,x:390,y:870,w:360,h:22},
{t:"snow, ice and life - page 18",p:2,x:390,y:912,w:297,h:32},
{t:"Linda Fisher, Vice President and Chief ",p:2,x:387,y:1096,w:294,h:22},
{t:"Sustainability Ofcer of Dupont...",p:2,x:387,y:1119,w:251,h:22},
{t:"action works  - page 22",p:2,x:387,y:1195,w:255,h:32},
{t:"...calls for a coordinated global approach ",p:2,x:844,y:1100,w:311,h:22},
{t:"for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.",p:2,x:844,y:1122,w:301,h:22},
{t:"Basanta Shrestha, Division Head of ",p:2,x:391,y:955,w:278,h:22},
{t:"Mountain Environment and Natural ",p:2,x:391,y:978,w:274,h:22},
{t:"Resources Information System at the ",p:2,x:391,y:1000,w:282,h:22},
{t:"International Centre for Integrated ",p:2,x:391,y:1022,w:266,h:22},
{t:"Mountain Development...",p:2,x:391,y:1044,w:194,h:22},
{t:"Peter Garrett, rock star, ",p:2,x:390,y:1240,w:185,h:22},
{t:"campaigner and politician...",p:2,x:390,y:1263,w:210,h:22},
{t:"...describes the rapid retreat of the glaciers ",p:2,x:817,y:958,w:326,h:22},
{t:"of the Himalayas and calls for urgent ",p:2,x:817,y:980,w:281,h:22},
{t:"action to tackle the resulting dangers. ",p:2,x:817,y:1002,w:291,h:22},
{t:"mountain tsunamis - page 20",p:2,x:817,y:1052,w:324,h:32},
{t:"also",p:2,x:60,y:1057,w:32,h:31},
{t:"page 3 ",p:2,x:60,y:1108,w:59,h:31},
{t:"refections",p:2,x:148,y:1108,w:85,h:31},
{t:"page 4 ",p:2,x:60,y:1140,w:59,h:31},
{t:"people",p:2,x:148,y:1140,w:55,h:31},
{t:"page 8 ",p:2,x:60,y:1172,w:59,h:31},
{t:"verbatim and numbers ",p:2,x:148,y:1172,w:189,h:31},
{t:"page 9 ",p:2,x:60,y:1204,w:59,h:31},
{t:"books",p:2,x:148,y:1204,w:48,h:31},
{t:"page 24 ",p:2,x:60,y:1236,w:69,h:31},
{t:"awards and events",p:2,x:148,y:1236,w:151,h:31},
{t:"page 25 ",p:2,x:60,y:1268,w:69,h:31},
{t:"www",p:2,x:148,y:1268,w:46,h:31},
{t:"page 26 ",p:2,x:60,y:1300,w:69,h:31},
{t:"products",p:2,x:148,y:1300,w:71,h:31},
{t:"...describes climate change as a “once in a ",p:2,x:766,y:1243,w:324,h:22},
{t:"generation opportunity. ",p:2,x:766,y:1265,w:191,h:22},
{t:"green soundtrack - page 27",p:2,x:766,y:1337,w:303,h:32},
{t:"Our Planet, the magazine of the ",p:2,x:60,y:292,w:188,h:20},
{t:"United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) ",p:2,x:60,y:310,w:249,h:19},
{t:"PO Box 30552 ",p:2,x:60,y:326,w:72,h:19},
{t:"Nairobi, Kenya",p:2,x:60,y:343,w:74,h:19},
{t:"Tel: (254 20)762 234",p:2,x:60,y:360,w:111,h:19},
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{t:"www.unep.org/ourplanet",p:2,x:60,y:460,w:131,h:19},
{t:"ISSN 0 - 7394 ",p:2,x:60,y:493,w:83,h:19},
{t:"Director of Publication: Eric Falt",p:2,x:60,y:526,w:176,h:20},
{t:"Editor:  Geofrey Lean",p:2,x:60,y:542,w:114,h:20},
{t:"Coordinators: Naomi Poulton, David Simpson",p:2,x:60,y:559,w:238,h:20},
{t:"Special Contributor: Nick Nuttall",p:2,x:60,y:576,w:177,h:20},
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{t:"Design: Amina Darani",p:2,x:60,y:609,w:115,h:20},
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{t:"Communications and Public Information",p:2,x:60,y:643,w:205,h:19},
{t:"Printed by: Naturaprint",p:2,x:60,y:659,w:125,h:20},
{t:"Distributed by: SMI Books",p:2,x:60,y:676,w:140,h:20},
{t:"The contents of  this magazine do not ",p:2,x:60,y:710,w:193,h:19},
{t:"necessarily refect the views or policies of ",p:2,x:60,y:726,w:211,h:19},
{t:"UNEP or the editors, nor are they an ofcial ",p:2,x:60,y:743,w:221,h:19},
{t:"record. The designations employed and the ",p:2,x:60,y:760,w:222,h:19},
{t:"presentation do not imply the expressions of ",p:2,x:60,y:776,w:229,h:19},
{t:"any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP ",p:2,x:60,y:793,w:227,h:19},
{t:"concerning the legal status of any country, ",p:2,x:60,y:810,w:218,h:19},
{t:"territory or city or its authority or concerning the ",p:2,x:60,y:826,w:248,h:19},
{t:"delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ",p:2,x:60,y:843,w:215,h:19},
{t:"* All dollar ($) amounts refer to US dollars.",p:2,x:60,y:910,w:215,h:19},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:3,x:842,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"3",p:3,x:1139,y:1368,w:5,h:15},
{t:"reflections ",p:3,x:60,y:47,w:341,h:98},
{t:"by Achim Steiner,  ",p:3,x:60,y:169,w:280,h:44},
{t:"UN Under-Secretary-General ",p:3,x:60,y:213,w:443,h:44},
{t:"and Executive Director of the UN ",p:3,x:60,y:257,w:504,h:44},
{t:"Environment Programme",p:3,x:60,y:304,w:385,h:44},
{t:"UNEP promotes ",p:3,x:176,y:1214,w:96,h:23},
{t:"environmentally sound practices ",p:3,x:125,y:1238,w:198,h:23},
{t:"globally and in its own activities. ",p:3,x:125,y:1262,w:200,h:23},
{t:"This magazine is printed on 00% recycled ",p:3,x:95,y:1285,w:259,h:23},
{t:"paper, using vegetable -based inks and other ",p:3,x:89,y:1309,w:273,h:23},
{t:"eco-friendly practices.  Our distribution policy ",p:3,x:87,y:1333,w:276,h:23},
{t:"aims to reduce  UNEP’s carbon footprint.",p:3,x:103,y:1357,w:240,h:23},
{t:"Nearly 130 years after Thomas Edison invented it, the world may be on the ",p:3,x:60,y:369,w:534,h:20},
{t:"brink of saying ‘thank you, and goodnight’ to the incandescent electric light ",p:3,x:60,y:389,w:534,h:20},
{t:"bulb. Australia has announced a ban; Cuba, Venezuela and the European ",p:3,x:60,y:409,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Union are among those moving in the same direction. We should celebrate ",p:3,x:60,y:429,w:534,h:20},
{t:"its demise, for the world’s billions of bulbs — only fve per cent efcient at ",p:3,x:60,y:449,w:534,h:20},
{t:"converting power into light — cause massive emissions of carbon dioxide. ",p:3,x:60,y:469,w:515,h:20},
{t:"Of course, dealing with climate change requires governments to regulate on ",p:3,x:60,y:509,w:534,h:20},
{t:"emission reduction targets and promote more sustainable forms of energy ",p:3,x:60,y:529,w:534,h:20},
{t:"generation and consumption. But part of the solution also lies around the ",p:3,x:60,y:549,w:534,h:20},
{t:"corner at the local shop or supermarket, just as much as in international ",p:3,x:60,y:569,w:534,h:20},
{t:"conference halls. This message — that the power to act rests as much with ",p:3,x:60,y:589,w:534,h:20},
{t:"consumers as with ministers and heads of state — is emphasized by World ",p:3,x:60,y:609,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Environment Day, which this year is being hosted by the Government of ",p:3,x:60,y:629,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Norway in the Arctic city of Tromsø.",p:3,x:60,y:649,w:244,h:20},
{t:"Phasing out energy wasting light bulbs is just one of many opportunities. A ",p:3,x:60,y:689,w:534,h:20},
{t:"report by UNEP’s Sustainable Construction and Building Initiative, for example, ",p:3,x:60,y:709,w:534,h:20},
{t:"shows that, even by conservative estimates, buildings worldwide could cut ",p:3,x:60,y:729,w:534,h:20},
{t:"C02 emissions by 1.8 billion tonnes a year with the right mix of appropriate ",p:3,x:60,y:749,w:534,h:20},
{t:"government regulation, greater use of energy saving technologies and ",p:3,x:60,y:769,w:534,h:20},
{t:"behavioural change. A more aggressive energy efciency policy might deliver ",p:3,x:60,y:789,w:534,h:20},
{t:"more than 2 billion tonnes — almost three times the entire amount scheduled ",p:3,x:60,y:809,w:534,h:20},
{t:"to be cut under the Kyoto Protocol. ",p:3,x:60,y:829,w:245,h:20},
{t:"As the latest reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ",p:3,x:60,y:869,w:534,h:20},
{t:"(IPCC) make clear, climate change ",p:3,x:60,y:889,w:256,h:20},
{t:"is ",p:3,x:321,y:889,w:14,h:20},
{t:"a huge social, environmental and ",p:3,x:340,y:889,w:253,h:20},
{t:"economic challenge. The polar regions — a central focus of World Environment ",p:3,x:60,y:909,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Day 2007 — are especially vulnerable. In the Arctic, widespread melting of ice, ",p:3,x:60,y:929,w:534,h:20},
{t:"subsidence damage to buildings and infrastructure as their permafrost thaws, ",p:3,x:60,y:949,w:534,h:20},
{t:"coastal erosion, and the loss of traditional livelihoods are all set to intensify ",p:3,x:60,y:969,w:534,h:20},
{t:"unless greenhouse gas emissions are decisively cut.",p:3,x:60,y:989,w:355,h:20},
{t:"On the positive side, combating climate change also presents a signifcant ",p:3,x:60,y:1029,w:534,h:20},
{t:"opportunity to deliver on the many promises made by developed countries ",p:3,x:60,y:1049,w:534,h:20},
{t:"to the developing world on fnance and development, and to open new ways ",p:3,x:60,y:1069,w:534,h:20},
{t:"of addressing wider environmental issues, from air pollution to deforestation. ",p:3,x:60,y:1089,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Indeed , if we are to avoid dangerous climate change and ensure the stability ",p:3,x:60,y:1109,w:534,h:20},
{t:"of Antarctica and the Arctic, let alone the rest of the world, we must marshal ",p:3,x:60,y:1129,w:534,h:20},
{t:"our intellect and seek every solution — from energy saving, to developing ",p:3,x:614,y:569,w:534,h:20},
{t:"cleaner and more efcient energy supplies, to managing land and vegetation ",p:3,x:614,y:589,w:534,h:20},
{t:"more sustainably.",p:3,x:614,y:609,w:121,h:20},
{t:"The absolute need is for a global regime that delivers a fair, equitable and ",p:3,x:614,y:649,w:534,h:20},
{t:"meaningful emission reduction strategy after 2012, when the Kyoto Protocol ",p:3,x:614,y:669,w:534,h:20},
{t:"expires. Industrialized nations must move frst and furthest. The European ",p:3,x:614,y:689,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Union’s target for cutting greenhouse gas emissions by 20 per cent by 2020 ",p:3,x:614,y:709,w:534,h:20},
{t:"should be applauded. It is time for others to pick up the gauntlet.",p:3,x:614,y:729,w:449,h:20},
{t:"The rest of the industrialized world can no longer seek a reason for inaction in ",p:3,x:614,y:769,w:534,h:20},
{t:"the myth that the rapidly developing countries are not willing to contribute to ",p:3,x:614,y:789,w:534,h:20},
{t:"eforts to reduce CO2. Brazil, for example, is likely to bring down its greenhouse ",p:3,x:614,y:809,w:534,h:20},
{t:"gas emissions by as much as 14 per cent by 2020; with assistance, this could ",p:3,x:614,y:829,w:534,h:20},
{t:"rise to close to 30 per cent. It is a similar story in China and in some sectors of ",p:3,x:614,y:849,w:534,h:20},
{t:"the Indian economy, including transport.",p:3,x:614,y:869,w:282,h:20},
{t:"Reductions of 60 to 80 per cent will eventually be needed fully to stabilize the ",p:3,x:614,y:909,w:533,h:20},
{t:"atmosphere. New technologies will be needed: if a strong, post-Kyoto regime ",p:3,x:614,y:929,w:534,h:20},
{t:"is in place, it will doubtless drive invention. But we can already do a lot to ",p:3,x:614,y:949,w:534,h:20},
{t:"save the polar ice caps, and the rest of the world, for the cost of a few Euros or ",p:3,x:614,y:969,w:533,h:20},
{t:"dollars, using technologies already in the shops.",p:3,x:614,y:989,w:330,h:20},
{t:"The International Energy Agency estimates that a total, global switch to ",p:3,x:614,y:1029,w:534,h:20},
{t:"compact fuorescent bulbs would deliver C02 savings of 470 million tonnes ",p:3,x:614,y:1049,w:534,h:20},
{t:"in 2010 — over half the scheduled reductions under the Kyoto Protocol. It is ",p:3,x:614,y:1069,w:534,h:20},
{t:"time to consign the incandescent light bulb to the history books. This might ",p:3,x:614,y:1089,w:534,h:20},
{t:"give us a chance to begin relegating dramatic polar melting and dangerous ",p:3,x:614,y:1109,w:534,h:20},
{t:"climate change to the same pages.",p:3,x:614,y:1129,w:239,h:20},
{t:"Cover photo © John Wilkes Studio/Corbis. Melting ice is the hot topic for this edition of Our Planet. The theme of World ",p:3,x:460,y:1234,w:634,h:19},
{t:"Environment Day 2007 emphasizes the importance of the world’s cold environments, from the frozen poles to the tropical ",p:3,x:460,y:1254,w:634,h:19},
{t:"ice caps of Africa and South America, and the Himalayan glaciers that sit at the roof of the world and provide meltwater to ",p:3,x:460,y:1274,w:634,h:19},
{t:"a region that is home to nearly half the world’s population. As these vital abodes of snow and ice melt, so will the hopes of ",p:3,x:460,y:1294,w:634,h:19},
{t:"averting the disastrous consequences of runaway climate change.",p:3,x:460,y:1314,w:332,h:19},
{t:"china: climate chang",p:3,x:-365,y:733,w:223,h:32},
{t:"e ",p:3,x:-129,y:733,w:19,h:32},
{t:"and development - page 16",p:3,x:-365,y:760,w:300,h:32},
{t:"4",p:4,x:60,y:1368,w:5,h:15},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:4,x:97,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"people",p:4,x:490,y:27,w:225,h:98},
{t:"OKOMBI SALISSA has been appointed ",p:4,x:60,y:160,w:258,h:18},
{t:"Minister of Tourism and Environment of ",p:4,x:60,y:178,w:258,h:18},
{t:"the Republic of Congo, which also makes ",p:4,x:60,y:196,w:258,h:18},
{t:"him the new president of the African ",p:4,x:60,y:214,w:258,h:18},
{t:"Ministerial Conference for Environment ",p:4,x:60,y:232,w:258,h:18},
{t:"(AMCEN). As president of AMCEN, he will ",p:4,x:60,y:538,w:258,h:18},
{t:"guide the process for implementing the ",p:4,x:60,y:556,w:258,h:18},
{t:"action plan for the environment initiative ",p:4,x:60,y:574,w:258,h:18},
{t:"of ",p:4,x:60,y:592,w:15,h:18},
{t:"the ",p:4,x:84,y:592,w:23,h:18},
{t:"New ",p:4,x:117,y:592,w:31,h:18},
{t:"Partnership ",p:4,x:158,y:592,w:75,h:18},
{t:"for ",p:4,x:242,y:592,w:20,h:18},
{t:"Africa’s ",p:4,x:271,y:592,w:46,h:18},
{t:"Development (NEPAD).",p:4,x:60,y:610,w:143,h:18},
{t:"OPRAH WINFREY, ",p:4,x:60,y:655,w:125,h:18},
{t:"perhaps ",p:4,x:193,y:656,w:54,h:18},
{t:"America’s ",p:4,x:256,y:656,w:62,h:18},
{t:"most infuential celebrity, ",p:4,x:60,y:674,w:174,h:18},
{t:"hosted ",p:4,x:241,y:674,w:46,h:18},
{t:"her ",p:4,x:294,y:674,w:23,h:18},
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{t:"honour ",p:4,x:205,y:692,w:49,h:18},
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{t:"Earth ",p:4,x:282,y:692,w:36,h:18},
{t:"Day, 22 April, with tips on how ordinary ",p:4,x:60,y:710,w:258,h:18},
{t:"families can reduce their environmental ",p:4,x:60,y:1016,w:258,h:18},
{t:"footprint and start making a diference ",p:4,x:60,y:1034,w:258,h:18},
{t:"in the world. Oprah hosted a discussion ",p:4,x:60,y:1052,w:258,h:18},
{t:"on global warming with movie star and ",p:4,x:60,y:1070,w:258,h:18},
{t:"green ",p:4,x:60,y:1088,w:39,h:18},
{t:"campaigner Leonardo DiCaprio ",p:4,x:106,y:1088,w:211,h:18},
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{t:"Dr. ",p:4,x:101,y:1106,w:20,h:18},
{t:"Michael ",p:4,x:135,y:1106,w:52,h:18},
{t:"Oppenheimer, ",p:4,x:201,y:1106,w:93,h:18},
{t:"a ",p:4,x:308,y:1106,w:10,h:18},
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{t:"consequences of dependence on fossil ",p:4,x:60,y:1160,w:258,h:18},
{t:"fuels, the contribution of landfll waste ",p:4,x:60,y:1178,w:258,h:18},
{t:"to greenhouse gases and the need for ",p:4,x:60,y:1196,w:258,h:18},
{t:"strong policy responses. They also took a ",p:4,x:60,y:1214,w:258,h:18},
{t:"tour of the ‘ultimate green family home’ .  ",p:4,x:60,y:1232,w:258,h:18},
{t:"The ",p:4,x:60,y:1250,w:26,h:18},
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{t:"position ",p:4,x:263,y:1250,w:54,h:18},
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{t:"a ",p:4,x:253,y:1268,w:10,h:18},
{t:"‘Global ",p:4,x:271,y:1268,w:46,h:18},
{t:"Warming 101’ feature providing a clear ",p:4,x:60,y:1286,w:258,h:18},
{t:"overview of climate change and what ",p:4,x:60,y:1304,w:258,h:18},
{t:"people can do to prevent it getting out ",p:4,x:60,y:1322,w:258,h:18},
{t:"of control.",p:4,x:60,y:1340,w:63,h:18},
{t:"United Nations Secretary-General BAN ",p:4,x:337,y:160,w:256,h:18},
{t:"KI-MOON, ",p:4,x:337,y:178,w:65,h:18},
{t:"who ",p:4,x:410,y:178,w:30,h:18},
{t:"has ",p:4,x:448,y:178,w:24,h:18},
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{t:"one ",p:4,x:337,y:196,w:27,h:18},
{t:"of ",p:4,x:370,y:196,w:15,h:18},
{t:"his ",p:4,x:391,y:196,w:20,h:18},
{t:"top priorities, has named ",p:4,x:418,y:196,w:175,h:18},
{t:"three Special Envoys for Climate Change. ",p:4,x:337,y:214,w:256,h:18},
{t:"All ",p:4,x:337,y:232,w:19,h:18},
{t:"three ",p:4,x:366,y:232,w:36,h:18},
{t:"envoys ",p:4,x:411,y:232,w:46,h:18},
{t:"are ",p:4,x:467,y:232,w:22,h:18},
{t:"prominent ",p:4,x:499,y:232,w:69,h:18},
{t:"in ",p:4,x:579,y:232,w:15,h:18},
{t:"international ",p:4,x:337,y:250,w:83,h:18},
{t:"environmental ",p:4,x:438,y:250,w:94,h:18},
{t:"afairs. ",p:4,x:550,y:250,w:43,h:18},
{t:"Norwegian ",p:4,x:337,y:268,w:72,h:18},
{t:"ex-Prime ",p:4,x:422,y:268,w:58,h:18},
{t:"Minister ",p:4,x:494,y:268,w:53,h:18},
{t:"GRO ",p:4,x:561,y:268,w:32,h:18},
{t:"HARLEM BRUNDTLAND is the former ",p:4,x:337,y:286,w:256,h:18},
{t:"Chair ",p:4,x:337,y:574,w:35,h:18},
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{t:"the ",p:4,x:406,y:574,w:23,h:18},
{t:"World ",p:4,x:439,y:574,w:40,h:18},
{t:"Commission ",p:4,x:488,y:574,w:80,h:18},
{t:"of ",p:4,x:578,y:574,w:15,h:18},
{t:"Environment ",p:4,x:337,y:592,w:83,h:18},
{t:"and ",p:4,x:429,y:592,w:27,h:18},
{t:"Development, ",p:4,x:464,y:592,w:91,h:18},
{t:"best ",p:4,x:563,y:592,w:30,h:18},
{t:"known for developing the broad political ",p:4,x:337,y:610,w:256,h:18},
{t:"concept ",p:4,x:337,y:628,w:54,h:18},
{t:"of ",p:4,x:399,y:628,w:15,h:18},
{t:"sustainable ",p:4,x:424,y:628,w:74,h:18},
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{t:"and ",p:4,x:337,y:646,w:27,h:18},
{t:"published ",p:4,x:373,y:646,w:65,h:18},
{t:"the ",p:4,x:447,y:646,w:23,h:18},
{t:"landmark ",p:4,x:480,y:646,w:62,h:18},
{t:"report ",p:4,x:551,y:646,w:42,h:18},
{t:"Our Common Future two decades ago. ",p:4,x:337,y:664,w:256,h:18},
{t:"President RICARDO LAGOS ESCOBAR ",p:4,x:337,y:682,w:256,h:18},
{t:"of ",p:4,x:337,y:970,w:15,h:18},
{t:"Chile ",p:4,x:359,y:970,w:34,h:18},
{t:"founded the Foundation ",p:4,x:399,y:970,w:167,h:18},
{t:"for ",p:4,x:573,y:970,w:20,h:18},
{t:"Democracy ",p:4,x:337,y:988,w:74,h:18},
{t:"and ",p:4,x:420,y:988,w:27,h:18},
{t:"Development, ",p:4,x:456,y:988,w:91,h:18},
{t:"while ",p:4,x:556,y:988,w:37,h:18},
{t:"HAN SEUNG-SOO, the former General ",p:4,x:337,y:1006,w:256,h:18},
{t:"Assembly President, currently heads the ",p:4,x:337,y:1024,w:256,h:18},
{t:"Korea Water Forum, which works towards ",p:4,x:337,y:1042,w:256,h:18},
{t:"sustainable water management in Asia. ",p:4,x:337,y:1060,w:247,h:18},
{t:"JUANITA CASTAÑO has taken up the ",p:4,x:614,y:160,w:256,h:18},
{t:"post of Chief of the UNEP New York ",p:4,x:614,y:178,w:256,h:18},
{t:"Ofce. Ms. Castaño brings to UNEP strong ",p:4,x:614,y:196,w:256,h:18},
{t:"international relations skills having been ",p:4,x:614,y:214,w:256,h:18},
{t:"the ",p:4,x:614,y:232,w:23,h:18},
{t:"Plenipotentiary and Extraordinary ",p:4,x:644,y:232,w:226,h:18},
{t:"Minister in the Permanent Mission of ",p:4,x:614,y:250,w:256,h:18},
{t:"Colombia to the UN from 1989 to 1993. ",p:4,x:614,y:268,w:256,h:18},
{t:"Her many responsibilities at that time ",p:4,x:614,y:286,w:256,h:18},
{t:"included being head of the G77 during ",p:4,x:614,y:304,w:256,h:18},
{t:"negotiations to restructure the Global ",p:4,x:614,y:322,w:256,h:18},
{t:"Environment Facility. Ms. Castaño later ",p:4,x:614,y:340,w:256,h:18},
{t:"served in senior positions both regionally ",p:4,x:614,y:646,w:256,h:18},
{t:"and nationally, rising to Deputy Minister ",p:4,x:614,y:664,w:256,h:18},
{t:"of Foreign Afairs in 2001. In 2004, Ms. ",p:4,x:614,y:682,w:256,h:18},
{t:"Castaño was appointed as a member ",p:4,x:614,y:700,w:256,h:18},
{t:"of the UN Secretary-General’s advisory ",p:4,x:614,y:718,w:256,h:18},
{t:"board on water and sanitation.",p:4,x:614,y:736,w:191,h:18},
{t:"The ‘Sadhu Who Clicks’ , 79-year-old holy ",p:4,x:614,y:782,w:256,h:18},
{t:"man SWAMI SUNDARANAND, has, over ",p:4,x:614,y:799,w:256,h:18},
{t:"50 years, taken more than 100,000 photos ",p:4,x:614,y:1088,w:256,h:18},
{t:"of the shrinking Gangotri glacier in the ",p:4,x:614,y:1106,w:256,h:18},
{t:"Indian Himalaya. He now travels ",p:4,x:614,y:1124,w:218,h:18},
{t:"India ",p:4,x:836,y:1124,w:34,h:18},
{t:"raising awareness of the Gangotri’s rapid ",p:4,x:614,y:1142,w:256,h:18},
{t:"demise. ",p:4,x:614,y:1160,w:51,h:18},
{t:"“In ",p:4,x:668,y:1160,w:20,h:18},
{t:"1949, when ",p:4,x:692,y:1160,w:79,h:18},
{t:"I ",p:4,x:775,y:1160,w:6,h:18},
{t:"frst saw the ",p:4,x:785,y:1160,w:85,h:18},
{t:"glacier, I felt as if all my sins were washed ",p:4,x:614,y:1178,w:256,h:18},
{t:"away and I had truly attained rebirth, ” the ",p:4,x:614,y:1196,w:256,h:18},
{t:"swami says. “But now, it is impossible to ",p:4,x:614,y:1214,w:256,h:18},
{t:"experience that Ganga of the past. ” The ",p:4,x:614,y:1232,w:256,h:18},
{t:"Gangotri is shrinking at a rate of more ",p:4,x:614,y:1250,w:256,h:18},
{t:"than 30 metres a year. Glaciers in the ",p:4,x:614,y:1268,w:256,h:18},
{t:"Himalayas are retreating perhaps faster ",p:4,x:614,y:1286,w:256,h:18},
{t:"than in any part of the world, threatening ",p:4,x:614,y:1304,w:256,h:18},
{t:"future water security for nearly half the ",p:4,x:614,y:1322,w:256,h:18},
{t:"world’s population. ",p:4,x:614,y:1340,w:122,h:18},
{t:"HALIFA DRAMMEH has been appointed  ",p:4,x:891,y:160,w:256,h:18},
{t:"UNEP’s Special Advisor for Africa Afairs ",p:4,x:891,y:178,w:256,h:18},
{t:"in the Ofce of the Executive Director  ",p:4,x:891,y:484,w:256,h:18},
{t:"to strengthen UNEP’s presence in Africa ",p:4,x:891,y:502,w:256,h:18},
{t:"and make it more efective. UNEP will  ",p:4,x:891,y:520,w:256,h:18},
{t:"help to add momentum to relevant Pan ",p:4,x:891,y:538,w:256,h:18},
{t:"African processes, such as the African ",p:4,x:891,y:556,w:256,h:18},
{t:"Union ",p:4,x:891,y:574,w:41,h:18},
{t:"and ",p:4,x:942,y:574,w:27,h:18},
{t:"its ",p:4,x:979,y:574,w:17,h:18},
{t:"commission, ",p:4,x:1006,y:574,w:81,h:18},
{t:"AMCEN ",p:4,x:1098,y:574,w:50,h:18},
{t:"and the, African Ministers’ Council on ",p:4,x:891,y:592,w:256,h:18},
{t:"Water, to promote regional cooperation ",p:4,x:891,y:610,w:256,h:18},
{t:"on ",p:4,x:891,y:628,w:19,h:18},
{t:"environmental ",p:4,x:919,y:628,w:94,h:18},
{t:"matters, ",p:4,x:1023,y:628,w:54,h:18},
{t:"including ",p:4,x:1086,y:628,w:62,h:18},
{t:"NEPAD. Mr. Drammeh ",p:4,x:891,y:646,w:151,h:18},
{t:"has ",p:4,x:1049,y:646,w:24,h:18},
{t:"served ",p:4,x:1081,y:646,w:44,h:18},
{t:"in ",p:4,x:1133,y:646,w:15,h:18},
{t:"numerous senior capacities within UNEP ",p:4,x:891,y:664,w:256,h:18},
{t:"over the years, including as the Director ",p:4,x:891,y:682,w:256,h:18},
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{t:"the ",p:4,x:919,y:700,w:23,h:18},
{t:"Environmental ",p:4,x:954,y:700,w:94,h:18},
{t:"Management ",p:4,x:1061,y:700,w:87,h:18},
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{t:"Director ",p:4,x:1030,y:718,w:53,h:18},
{t:"(Division ",p:4,x:1090,y:718,w:57,h:18},
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{t:"Policy ",p:4,x:919,y:736,w:40,h:18},
{t:"Development ",p:4,x:972,y:736,w:88,h:18},
{t:"and ",p:4,x:1073,y:736,w:27,h:18},
{t:"Law). ",p:4,x:1112,y:736,w:35,h:18},
{t:"Prior ",p:4,x:891,y:754,w:32,h:18},
{t:"to ",p:4,x:931,y:754,w:16,h:18},
{t:"joining ",p:4,x:955,y:754,w:47,h:18},
{t:"the ",p:4,x:1009,y:754,w:23,h:18},
{t:"United ",p:4,x:1041,y:754,w:45,h:18},
{t:"Nations, ",p:4,x:1094,y:754,w:54,h:18},
{t:"he served the Government of Gambia ",p:4,x:891,y:772,w:256,h:18},
{t:"as a Senior Ofcer in the Ministry of ",p:4,x:891,y:790,w:256,h:18},
{t:"Natural Resources.",p:4,x:891,y:808,w:114,h:18},
{t:"Represented ",p:4,x:891,y:854,w:82,h:18},
{t:"by ",p:4,x:988,y:854,w:18,h:18},
{t:"Foreign ",p:4,x:1021,y:854,w:50,h:18},
{t:"Secretary ",p:4,x:1086,y:854,w:61,h:18},
{t:"MARGARET ",p:4,x:891,y:871,w:79,h:18},
{t:"BECKETT, ",p:4,x:984,y:871,w:65,h:18},
{t:"the ",p:4,x:1064,y:872,w:23,h:18},
{t:"United ",p:4,x:1102,y:872,w:45,h:18},
{t:"Kingdom, which held the presidency of ",p:4,x:891,y:890,w:256,h:18},
{t:"the 15-nation UN Security Council in April, ",p:4,x:891,y:908,w:256,h:18},
{t:"initiated the frst-ever Security Council ",p:4,x:891,y:1196,w:256,h:18},
{t:"debate on the impact of climate change ",p:4,x:891,y:1214,w:256,h:18},
{t:"on security. The day-long meeting aimed ",p:4,x:891,y:1232,w:256,h:18},
{t:"to ",p:4,x:891,y:1250,w:16,h:18},
{t:"examine the ",p:4,x:913,y:1250,w:86,h:18},
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{t:"featured interventions from more than ",p:4,x:891,y:1286,w:256,h:18},
{t:"50 delegations, representing imperilled ",p:4,x:891,y:1304,w:256,h:18},
{t:"island ",p:4,x:891,y:1322,w:40,h:18},
{t:"nations ",p:4,x:949,y:1322,w:49,h:18},
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{t:"greenhouse gas emitters alike. ",p:4,x:891,y:1340,w:192,h:18},
{t:"© Hub",p:4,x:55,y:832,w:0,h:9},
{t:"er",p:4,x:55,y:809,w:0,h:9},
{t:"t B",p:4,x:55,y:802,w:0,h:9},
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{t:"orbis",p:4,x:55,y:755,w:0,h:9},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:5,x:842,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"5",p:5,x:1139,y:1368,w:5,h:15},
{t:"a serious ",p:5,x:60,y:47,w:339,h:98},
{t:"challenge ",p:5,x:60,y:131,w:326,h:98},
{t:"Message of HM King Harald V  ",p:5,x:60,y:253,w:461,h:44},
{t:"of Norway",p:5,x:60,y:300,w:157,h:44},
{t:"Norway is honoured to have been chosen by the United Nations Environment ",p:5,x:60,y:587,w:531,h:20},
{t:"Programme to host the international celebrations of the World Environment ",p:5,x:60,y:607,w:531,h:20},
{t:"Day in 2007. This annual event is an important recognition of today’s global ",p:5,x:60,y:627,w:531,h:20},
{t:"interdependence and the responsibility that we all share for securing human ",p:5,x:60,y:647,w:531,h:20},
{t:"welfare today and tomorrow. ",p:5,x:60,y:667,w:203,h:20},
{t:"As a Polar nation, Norway hopes that the ofcial World Environment Day ",p:5,x:60,y:707,w:531,h:20},
{t:"slogan Melting Ice: a hot topic? will inspire a range of activities and events ",p:5,x:60,y:727,w:531,h:20},
{t:"all over the world. Man-made global warming — as illustrated by melting ice ",p:5,x:60,y:747,w:531,h:20},
{t:"— is one of the most serious challenges shared by the world today. ",p:5,x:60,y:767,w:465,h:20},
{t:"The Arctic sea ice cap is declining rapidly. Science warns us that melting ",p:5,x:60,y:807,w:531,h:20},
{t:"glaciers in the polar regions would lead to severe sea level rise. Disruption ",p:5,x:60,y:827,w:531,h:20},
{t:"of the Polar Regions will interfere with their vital roles in regulating earth’s ",p:5,x:60,y:847,w:531,h:20},
{t:"climate, oceans cycles and the life supporting role of migratory species. It ",p:5,x:60,y:867,w:531,h:20},
{t:"is appropriate that 2007 also marks the start of The International Polar Year, ",p:5,x:60,y:887,w:531,h:20},
{t:"an internationally coordinated efort to promote polar research. Today, ice ",p:5,x:60,y:907,w:531,h:20},
{t:"melting is taking place in all regions of the world. Shrinking mountain glaciers ",p:5,x:60,y:927,w:531,h:20},
{t:"in Asia, Africa, the Americas and in Europe will afect freshwater supplies, with ",p:5,x:60,y:947,w:531,h:20},
{t:"consequences for food production and human health. ",p:5,x:60,y:967,w:377,h:20},
{t:"Climate change and environmental degradation ",p:5,x:616,y:587,w:358,h:20},
{t:"call ",p:5,x:980,y:587,w:26,h:20},
{t:"for solidarity with ",p:5,x:1012,y:587,w:135,h:20},
{t:"those who are particularly vulnerable to its efects. Climate change will ",p:5,x:616,y:607,w:531,h:20},
{t:"mean diferent things to diferent people. ",p:5,x:616,y:627,w:314,h:20},
{t:"It ",p:5,x:935,y:627,w:13,h:20},
{t:"can mean hunger for the ",p:5,x:953,y:627,w:194,h:20},
{t:"African farmer coping with drought. It can mean migration for the islander ",p:5,x:616,y:647,w:531,h:20},
{t:"coping with sea level rise and stormy weather. ",p:5,x:616,y:667,w:357,h:20},
{t:"It ",p:5,x:979,y:667,w:13,h:20},
{t:"can mean a loss of ",p:5,x:997,y:667,w:150,h:20},
{t:"traditional culture and lifestyles for indigenous peoples, including in the ",p:5,x:616,y:687,w:531,h:20},
{t:"Arctic where toxic chemicals from other regions pose an additional threat to ",p:5,x:616,y:707,w:531,h:20},
{t:"life and health. ",p:5,x:616,y:727,w:105,h:20},
{t:"It is Norway’s hope that World Environment Day activities can be many ",p:5,x:616,y:767,w:531,h:20},
{t:"and diverse, refecting the whole range of steps that need to be taken over ",p:5,x:616,y:787,w:531,h:20},
{t:"time to reverse global environmental trends. The World Environment Day ",p:5,x:616,y:807,w:531,h:20},
{t:"should be creative and forward-looking, focusing on possible solutions, ",p:5,x:616,y:827,w:531,h:20},
{t:"building new partnerships and alliances at home, in the workplace and in ",p:5,x:616,y:847,w:531,h:20},
{t:"the local community. Norway hopes that the World Environment Day and ",p:5,x:616,y:867,w:531,h:20},
{t:"the celebrations going on all over the world, will give impetus to global ",p:5,x:616,y:887,w:531,h:20},
{t:"eforts to solve global environmental challenges securing human welfare  ",p:5,x:616,y:907,w:531,h:20},
{t:"and our common future. ",p:5,x:616,y:927,w:172,h:20},
{t:"I wish you good luck with World Environment Day 2007 celebrations.",p:5,x:616,y:967,w:473,h:20},
{t:"© C",p:5,x:1171,y:1026,w:0,h:9},
{t:"a",p:5,x:1171,y:1038,w:0,h:9},
{t:"ther",p:5,x:1171,y:1042,w:0,h:9},
{t:"ine C",p:5,x:1171,y:1057,w:0,h:9},
{t:"unnigham",p:5,x:1171,y:1074,w:0,h:9},
{t:"a different  planet",p:6,x:1061,y:104,w:1150,h:216},
{t:"© D",p:6,x:32,y:144,w:0,h:9},
{t:"unc",p:6,x:32,y:131,w:0,h:9},
{t:"an ",p:6,x:32,y:118,w:0,h:9},
{t:"W",p:6,x:32,y:108,w:0,h:9},
{t:"alk",p:6,x:32,y:101,w:0,h:9},
{t:"er/ist",p:6,x:32,y:91,w:0,h:9},
{t:"o",p:6,x:32,y:73,w:0,h:9},
{t:"ck",p:6,x:32,y:69,w:0,h:9},
{t:"phot",p:6,x:32,y:61,w:0,h:9},
{t:"o",p:6,x:32,y:44,w:0,h:9},
{t:"6",p:6,x:60,y:1368,w:5,h:15},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:6,x:97,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:7,x:842,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"7",p:7,x:1139,y:1368,w:5,h:15},
{t:"a different  planet",p:7,x:-143,y:104,w:1150,h:216},
{t:"The Norwegian Government ",p:7,x:590,y:468,w:212,h:20},
{t:"is ",p:7,x:809,y:468,w:14,h:20},
{t:"honoured ",p:7,x:829,y:468,w:72,h:20},
{t:"to host the international World ",p:7,x:908,y:468,w:240,h:20},
{t:"Environment Day 2007 celebrations in recognition of the hot topic of melting ice. ",p:7,x:590,y:488,w:557,h:20},
{t:"Ice plays a critical role in shaping our planet’s environment. Ice refects a share ",p:7,x:590,y:528,w:557,h:20},
{t:"of the sun’s heat back into space, cooling the planet. Ice holds large parts of the ",p:7,x:590,y:548,w:557,h:20},
{t:"world’s freshwater supplies, and is a vital part of the ecosystems that sustain ",p:7,x:590,y:568,w:557,h:20},
{t:"both human life and wildlife. ",p:7,x:590,y:588,w:201,h:20},
{t:"Earth’s ice cover is changing dramatically. Shrinking ice cover is a clear sign of ",p:7,x:590,y:628,w:557,h:20},
{t:"global warming. Global ice melting accelerated during the 1990s, which was ",p:7,x:590,y:648,w:557,h:20},
{t:"also the warmest decade on record. Ice is melting at sea, on land, and in the ",p:7,x:590,y:668,w:557,h:20},
{t:"ground, with shrinking mountain glaciers and thawing permafrost. Ice melting ",p:7,x:590,y:688,w:557,h:20},
{t:"is not limited to the polar areas, where it is melting at a dramatic pace. Ice is ",p:7,x:590,y:708,w:557,h:20},
{t:"melting in all regions. ",p:7,x:590,y:728,w:152,h:20},
{t:"It is our hope that the World Environment Day will focus on all the ways in ",p:7,x:590,y:768,w:557,h:20},
{t:"which climate change — and melting ice — afects people’s lives all over the ",p:7,x:590,y:788,w:557,h:20},
{t:"world, whether this be in the form of sea level rise, land erosion, drought, foods, ",p:7,x:590,y:808,w:557,h:20},
{t:"storms or other threats to livelihoods and lifestyles. We need to remind ourselves ",p:7,x:590,y:828,w:557,h:20},
{t:"that a healthy and stable environment and a rich natural resource base are ",p:7,x:590,y:848,w:557,h:20},
{t:"essential for human welfare, development and security. We need to join forces ",p:7,x:590,y:868,w:557,h:20},
{t:"to communicate that this is something worth defending and fghting for, as an ",p:7,x:590,y:888,w:557,h:20},
{t:"international community and as individuals. This much we owe to ourselves and ",p:7,x:590,y:908,w:557,h:20},
{t:"to future generations.",p:7,x:590,y:928,w:150,h:20},
{t:"As a polar nation, Norway is highly aware of the Arctic’s vulnerability and its ",p:7,x:590,y:968,w:557,h:20},
{t:"important role in the global climate system. In addition, the fragile Arctic is ",p:7,x:590,y:988,w:557,h:20},
{t:"the fnal dumping ground ",p:7,x:590,y:1008,w:197,h:20},
{t:"for the persistent toxic chemicals that threaten ",p:7,x:793,y:1008,w:355,h:20},
{t:"human health and nature everywhere, making toxic chemicals another global ",p:7,x:590,y:1028,w:557,h:20},
{t:"priority issue. The Polar Regions are also of global importance as breeding  ",p:7,x:590,y:1048,w:557,h:20},
{t:"grounds for fsh stocks and migratory species.",p:7,x:590,y:1068,w:315,h:20},
{t:"There is an urgent need to take action. We must change the warming trend ",p:7,x:590,y:1108,w:557,h:20},
{t:"within the next couple of decades. If we don’t, we will likely see changes that ",p:7,x:590,y:1128,w:557,h:20},
{t:"make Earth a diferent planet than the one we know. Further global warming ",p:7,x:590,y:1148,w:557,h:20},
{t:"of ",p:7,x:590,y:1168,w:17,h:20},
{t:"1ºC ",p:7,x:614,y:1168,w:27,h:20},
{t:"defnes ",p:7,x:648,y:1168,w:54,h:20},
{t:"a ",p:7,x:709,y:1168,w:11,h:20},
{t:"critical ",p:7,x:726,y:1168,w:49,h:20},
{t:"threshold. To keep within ",p:7,x:782,y:1168,w:196,h:20},
{t:"this ",p:7,x:985,y:1168,w:28,h:20},
{t:"threshold, global ",p:7,x:1020,y:1168,w:127,h:20},
{t:"greenhouse gas emissions must be halved by the middle of this century. ",p:7,x:590,y:1188,w:557,h:20},
{t:"To meet global environmental challenges we need commitment not only ",p:7,x:590,y:1208,w:557,h:20},
{t:"at the political — but also at the corporate and grassroots — levels. We don’t ",p:7,x:590,y:1228,w:557,h:20},
{t:"need one response; we need many responses. Norway is therefore glad to join ",p:7,x:590,y:1248,w:557,h:20},
{t:"forces with the United Nations Environment Programme in making the World ",p:7,x:590,y:1268,w:557,h:20},
{t:"Environment Day an occasion for broad mobilisation and action for life on earth, ",p:7,x:590,y:1288,w:557,h:20},
{t:"all over the world. ",p:7,x:590,y:1308,w:127,h:20},
{t:"by Helen Bjørnøy",p:7,x:586,y:349,w:356,h:60},
{t:"“On the island where I live, it is possible to throw ",p:8,x:60,y:496,w:321,h:23},
{t:"a stone from one side to the other. Our fears about ",p:8,x:60,y:520,w:332,h:23},
{t:"sea level rise are very real. Our Cabinet has been ",p:8,x:60,y:544,w:317,h:23},
{t:"exploring the possibility of buying land in a  ",p:8,x:60,y:568,w:289,h:23},
{t:"nearby country in case we become refugees of ",p:8,x:60,y:592,w:304,h:23},
{t:"climate change. ”",p:8,x:60,y:616,w:108,h:23},
{t:"Teleke Lauti, Minister for the Environment, Tuvalu",p:8,x:60,y:649,w:251,h:19},
{t:"“There is a sense of hope in this country that this ",p:8,x:60,y:304,w:320,h:23},
{t:"United States Congress will rise to the occasion and ",p:8,x:60,y:328,w:336,h:23},
{t:"present meaningful solutions to this crisis… This is ",p:8,x:60,y:352,w:338,h:23},
{t:"our Thermopylae. ”",p:8,x:60,y:376,w:120,h:23},
{t:"Al Gore, climate change campaigner and former vice-president of ",p:8,x:60,y:408,w:333,h:19},
{t:"the United States of America",p:8,x:60,y:428,w:144,h:19},
{t:"“The danger is that global warming may become ",p:8,x:797,y:390,w:321,h:23},
{t:"self-sustaining, if it has not done so already. The ",p:8,x:797,y:414,w:317,h:23},
{t:"melting of the Arctic and Antarctic ice caps reduces ",p:8,x:797,y:438,w:335,h:23},
{t:"the fraction of solar energy refected back into ",p:8,x:797,y:462,w:305,h:23},
{t:"space, and so increases the temperature further. ",p:8,x:797,y:486,w:319,h:23},
{t:"Climate change may kill of the Amazon and other ",p:8,x:797,y:510,w:329,h:23},
{t:"rain forests, and so eliminate one of the main ",p:8,x:797,y:534,w:299,h:23},
{t:"ways in which carbon dioxide is removed from the ",p:8,x:797,y:558,w:326,h:23},
{t:"atmosphere. The rise in sea temperature may trigger ",p:8,x:797,y:582,w:341,h:23},
{t:"the release of large quantities of methane, trapped as ",p:8,x:797,y:606,w:349,h:23},
{t:"hydrates on the ocean foor. Both these phenomena ",p:8,x:797,y:630,w:336,h:23},
{t:"would increase the greenhouse efect, and so further ",p:8,x:797,y:654,w:343,h:23},
{t:"global warming. We have to reverse global warming ",p:8,x:797,y:678,w:338,h:23},
{t:"urgently, if we still can. ”",p:8,x:797,y:702,w:154,h:23},
{t:"Professor Stephen Hawking, British theoretical physicist and author ",p:8,x:797,y:735,w:344,h:19},
{t:"of  ",p:8,x:797,y:755,w:15,h:19},
{t:"‘A Brief History of Time‘",p:8,x:811,y:755,w:114,h:19},
{t:"“Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, ",p:8,x:60,y:720,w:327,h:23},
{t:"Nothing is going to get better. It’s not. ”",p:8,x:60,y:744,w:254,h:23},
{t:"The Lorax, Dr. Seuss",p:8,x:60,y:779,w:99,h:19},
{t:"numbers",p:8,x:455,y:833,w:293,h:98},
{t:"verbatim",p:8,x:449,y:40,w:303,h:98},
{t:"“I have climbed this mountain more than 3,500 ",p:8,x:430,y:698,w:312,h:23},
{t:"times in the past 59 years. In that time I have seen ",p:8,x:430,y:722,w:331,h:23},
{t:"the ice reduce by half. ”",p:8,x:430,y:746,w:147,h:23},
{t:"Mzee Emmanuel, climbing guide, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania",p:8,x:430,y:779,w:280,h:19},
{t:"“We cannot let bottomless human consumption ",p:8,x:430,y:523,w:316,h:23},
{t:"shape nature’s fate. It is our fate, after all. ”",p:8,x:430,y:547,w:277,h:23},
{t:"Tsetsegee Munkhbayar, 2007 Goldman Environment Prize winner ",p:8,x:430,y:579,w:333,h:19},
{t:"from Mongolia",p:8,x:430,y:599,w:75,h:19},
{t:"“One person fying in an airplane for one hour is ",p:8,x:430,y:345,w:315,h:23},
{t:"responsible for the same greenhouse gas emissions ",p:8,x:430,y:369,w:338,h:23},
{t:"as a typical Bangladeshi in a whole year. ”",p:8,x:430,y:393,w:268,h:23},
{t:"Beatrice Schell, European Federation for Transport and Environment",p:8,x:430,y:426,w:339,h:19},
{t:"6",p:8,x:345,y:928,w:14,h:33},
{t:"The number of greenhouse gases ",p:8,x:345,y:960,w:204,h:23},
{t:"covered by the Kyoto Protocol: carbon ",p:8,x:345,y:984,w:232,h:23},
{t:"dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur ",p:8,x:345,y:1008,w:249,h:23},
{t:"hexafuoride, Perfuorocarbons (PFCs) and ",p:8,x:345,y:1032,w:259,h:23},
{t:"hydrofuorocarbons (HFCs) – UNFCCC",p:8,x:345,y:1056,w:223,h:23},
{t:"33",p:8,x:59,y:1030,w:29,h:33},
{t:"Percentage rise in global CO2 ",p:8,x:59,y:1061,w:179,h:23},
{t:"emissions since 987",p:8,x:59,y:1085,w:127,h:23},
{t:"35,000",p:8,x:539,y:1219,w:80,h:33},
{t:"Additional number of deaths in Europe ",p:8,x:539,y:1250,w:238,h:23},
{t:"due to the 2003 heatwave ",p:8,x:539,y:1274,w:162,h:23},
{t:"50",p:8,x:607,y:1089,w:29,h:33},
{t:"Percentage of ",p:8,x:607,y:1120,w:86,h:23},
{t:"European glacier mass ",p:8,x:607,y:1144,w:139,h:23},
{t:"lost since 850",p:8,x:607,y:1168,w:90,h:23},
{t:"7",p:8,x:923,y:951,w:14,h:33},
{t:"The number of metres that sea level ",p:8,x:923,y:983,w:222,h:23},
{t:"would rise if the Greenland ice sheet ",p:8,x:923,y:1007,w:224,h:23},
{t:"were to melt. If all Antarctic ice were ",p:8,x:923,y:1031,w:225,h:23},
{t:"to melt, sea level would rise by more ",p:8,x:923,y:1055,w:226,h:23},
{t:"than 60 metres",p:8,x:923,y:1079,w:92,h:23},
{t:"200,000,000,000,000",p:8,x:260,y:1116,w:249,h:33},
{t:"US dollar estimated economic losses due to ",p:8,x:260,y:1148,w:265,h:23},
{t:"weather-linked disasters. such as tropical ",p:8,x:260,y:1172,w:254,h:23},
{t:"storms and forest fres in 2005",p:8,x:260,y:1196,w:184,h:23},
{t:"5",p:8,x:654,y:942,w:14,h:33},
{t:"Target total percentage cut in ",p:8,x:654,y:973,w:182,h:23},
{t:"greenhouse-gas emissions by Kyoto ",p:8,x:654,y:997,w:221,h:23},
{t:"Protocol Parties from 990 levels in ",p:8,x:654,y:1021,w:217,h:23},
{t:"the commitment period 2008–202",p:8,x:654,y:1045,w:220,h:23},
{t:"50,000,000",p:8,x:815,y:1160,w:132,h:33},
{t:"The number of extra people at risk of hunger ",p:8,x:815,y:1192,w:275,h:23},
{t:"by 2020 if climate change continues unabated  ",p:8,x:815,y:1216,w:286,h:23},
{t:"– Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change",p:8,x:815,y:1240,w:274,h:23},
{t:"59,000",p:8,x:59,y:1219,w:80,h:33},
{t:"Amount of megawatts of electricity generated by wind ",p:8,x:59,y:1250,w:337,h:23},
{t:"power in 2005 — up from 4,800 megawatts in 995",p:8,x:59,y:1274,w:321,h:23},
{t:"2005",p:8,x:80,y:902,w:59,h:33},
{t:"The warmest year on record. Eleven ",p:8,x:80,y:934,w:218,h:23},
{t:"of the warmest years in the past 25 ",p:8,x:80,y:958,w:225,h:23},
{t:"years have occurred since 990",p:8,x:80,y:982,w:187,h:23},
{t:"8",p:8,x:60,y:1368,w:5,h:15},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:8,x:95,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"Unless otherwise indicated, all facts are from the UNEP World Environment Day fact sheets on climate change and polar issues: www.unep.org/wed/2007",p:8,x:394,y:1315,w:751,h:17},
{t:"© AFP/G",p:8,x:791,y:128,w:0,h:9},
{t:"allo Images",p:8,x:791,y:158,w:0,h:9},
{t:"The Economics of Climate Change; ",p:9,x:468,y:165,w:237,h:24},
{t:"The Stern Review",p:9,x:471,y:189,w:119,h:24},
{t:"Nicholas Stern (Cambridge University Press, 2007)",p:9,x:468,y:212,w:252,h:19},
{t:"An accessible and comprehensive analysis of the ",p:9,x:468,y:232,w:247,h:19},
{t:"economic aspects of climate change, by the head of ",p:9,x:468,y:252,w:263,h:19},
{t:"the UK Government Economic Service and former Chief ",p:9,x:468,y:272,w:280,h:19},
{t:"Economist of the World Bank. Topics include the nature of ",p:9,x:468,y:292,w:293,h:19},
{t:"the economics and the science of climate change; its impact ",p:9,x:468,y:312,w:306,h:19},
{t:"on growth and development in both North and South; the ",p:9,x:468,y:332,w:297,h:19},
{t:"economics of cutting emissions and stabilising greenhouse ",p:9,x:468,y:352,w:300,h:19},
{t:"gases in the atmosphere; policy on mitigation and ",p:9,x:468,y:372,w:257,h:19},
{t:"adaptation; and the challenges of sustained international ",p:9,x:468,y:392,w:294,h:19},
{t:"collective action.",p:9,x:468,y:412,w:85,h:19},
{t:"Arctic Dreams",p:9,x:468,y:453,w:94,h:24},
{t:"Barry Lopez  ",p:9,x:468,y:476,w:65,h:19},
{t:"(Vintage Books USA ",p:9,x:468,y:496,w:103,h:19},
{t:"200 edition)",p:9,x:468,y:516,w:68,h:19},
{t:"Still, one of the ",p:9,x:468,y:536,w:79,h:19},
{t:"fnest books written ",p:9,x:468,y:556,w:104,h:19},
{t:"about the Arctic ",p:9,x:468,y:576,w:83,h:19},
{t:"— as an ecosystem, ",p:9,x:468,y:596,w:107,h:19},
{t:"a home for its ",p:9,x:468,y:616,w:72,h:19},
{t:"indigenous people, ",p:9,x:468,y:636,w:100,h:19},
{t:"and a place of ",p:9,x:468,y:656,w:73,h:19},
{t:"beauty and mystery.  ",p:9,x:468,y:676,w:107,h:19},
{t:"Travelling for fve ",p:9,x:468,y:696,w:90,h:19},
{t:"years in the 980s in ",p:9,x:468,y:716,w:106,h:19},
{t:"the north American ",p:9,x:468,y:736,w:102,h:19},
{t:"Arctic between Davis Strait in the east and Bering Strait ",p:9,x:468,y:756,w:283,h:19},
{t:"in west, prize-winning author Barry Lopez accompanied ",p:9,x:468,y:776,w:287,h:19},
{t:"biologists, geologists, archaeologists and Inuit hunters as he ",p:9,x:468,y:796,w:308,h:19},
{t:"explored the region’s history, wildlife, traditions and future.",p:9,x:468,y:816,w:301,h:19},
{t:"Extreme Floods:  ",p:9,x:468,y:861,w:117,h:24},
{t:"A History in a Changing Climate",p:9,x:468,y:885,w:216,h:24},
{t:"Robert Doe. (Sutton Publishing, 2006).",p:9,x:468,y:908,w:196,h:19},
{t:"The Editor-in-Chief of The International Journal of ",p:9,x:468,y:928,w:254,h:19},
{t:"Meteorology, himself an expert in storm and food research, ",p:9,x:468,y:948,w:306,h:19},
{t:"describes the growing phenomenon of ",p:9,x:468,y:968,w:199,h:19},
{t:"‘",p:9,x:666,y:968,w:2,h:19},
{t:"extreme foods’ and ",p:9,x:668,y:968,w:102,h:19},
{t:"provides insights into how, as the climate changes, water is ",p:9,x:468,y:988,w:302,h:19},
{t:"becoming humanity’s greatest enemy. ",p:9,x:468,y:1008,w:196,h:19},
{t:"Fairness in Adaptation to  ",p:9,x:468,y:1053,w:179,h:24},
{t:"Climate Change",p:9,x:468,y:1077,w:108,h:24},
{t:"Edited by W. Neil Adger, Jouni Paavloa, Saleemul Huq, and ",p:9,x:468,y:1100,w:297,h:19},
{t:"M.J.Mace (The MIT Press, 2006).",p:9,x:468,y:1120,w:162,h:19},
{t:"Scholars in political science, economics, law, human ",p:9,x:468,y:1140,w:265,h:19},
{t:"geography and climate science assess social justice issues in ",p:9,x:468,y:1160,w:305,h:19},
{t:"adaptation to climate change, looking at the challenges of ",p:9,x:468,y:1180,w:298,h:19},
{t:"ensuring that policy responses do not place unfair burdens ",p:9,x:468,y:1200,w:299,h:19},
{t:"on already vulnerable populations. The book outlines the ",p:9,x:468,y:1220,w:291,h:19},
{t:"philosophical underpinnings of diferent types of justice, ",p:9,x:468,y:1240,w:289,h:19},
{t:"current inequities and future burdens in relation to climate ",p:9,x:468,y:1260,w:300,h:19},
{t:"change, and applies them to examples of adaptation in ",p:9,x:468,y:1280,w:282,h:19},
{t:"Bangladesh, Tanzania, Botswana, Namibia and Hungary.",p:9,x:468,y:1300,w:287,h:19},
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{t:"Global Outlook for Ice and Snow",p:9,x:68,y:166,w:219,h:24},
{t:"The theme of World Environment Day 2007, ",p:9,x:68,y:509,w:224,h:19},
{t:"‘Melting Ice ",p:9,x:291,y:509,w:62,h:19},
{t:"- A Hot Topic?’ , refects the close links between ice, snow ",p:9,x:68,y:529,w:286,h:19},
{t:"and climate change.  Global Outlook for Ice and Snow gives ",p:9,x:68,y:549,w:296,h:19},
{t:"an authoritative, up-to-date assessment of the current ",p:9,x:68,y:569,w:279,h:19},
{t:"state of the cryosphere and the global signifcance of ",p:9,x:68,y:589,w:270,h:19},
{t:"changes — now and in the years to come. Global Outlook ",p:9,x:68,y:609,w:294,h:19},
{t:"for Ice and Snow is the second thematic assessment report ",p:9,x:68,y:629,w:296,h:19},
{t:"in UNEP’s Global Environment Outlook series and was ",p:9,x:68,y:649,w:272,h:19},
{t:"written by leading scientists from around the world. ",p:9,x:68,y:669,w:266,h:19},
{t:"Sustainable Tourism in the Polar Regions",p:9,x:68,y:710,w:281,h:24},
{t:"Tourism is a growing activity in the polar regions. In ",p:9,x:68,y:733,w:264,h:19},
{t:"the Arctic, tourism is already an important component ",p:9,x:68,y:753,w:278,h:19},
{t:"of the economies of the north. In the Antarctic, the ",p:9,x:68,y:773,w:260,h:19},
{t:"number of tourists landing on continental Antarctica ",p:9,x:68,y:793,w:269,h:19},
{t:"continues to rise sharply. There are serious concerns ",p:9,x:68,y:813,w:263,h:19},
{t:"that tourism is promoting environmental degradation ",p:9,x:68,y:833,w:276,h:19},
{t:"in the polar regions (especially in the Arctic) by putting ",p:9,x:68,y:853,w:281,h:19},
{t:"extra pressures on land, wildlife, water and other ",p:9,x:68,y:873,w:251,h:19},
{t:"basic necessities, and on transportation facilities. This ",p:9,x:68,y:893,w:273,h:19},
{t:"publication explains issues of relevance to polar tourism ",p:9,x:68,y:913,w:286,h:19},
{t:"and provides a selection of good practices for various ",p:9,x:68,y:933,w:270,h:19},
{t:"stakeholders. The publication builds on UNEP-UNWTO ",p:9,x:68,y:953,w:274,h:19},
{t:"2 principles on sustainable tourism development. ",p:9,x:68,y:973,w:259,h:19},
{t:"The trends and patterns of tourism in polar regions are ",p:9,x:68,y:993,w:278,h:19},
{t:"summarized and an agenda of policy implications  ",p:9,x:68,y:1013,w:257,h:19},
{t:"is identifed. ",p:9,x:68,y:1033,w:65,h:19},
{t:"Ozzy Ozone: Defender of Our Planet ",p:9,x:68,y:1074,w:247,h:24},
{t:" — Ozzy Goes Polar  ",p:9,x:68,y:1098,w:139,h:24},
{t:"Ozzy Ozone and his friend Zoe arrive at the North Pole ",p:9,x:68,y:1121,w:274,h:19},
{t:"and are carried around by Tilman the ",p:9,x:68,y:1141,w:189,h:19},
{t:"Polar bear. They learn what happens ",p:9,x:68,y:1161,w:186,h:19},
{t:"to Earth’s protective shield, the ozone ",p:9,x:68,y:1181,w:192,h:19},
{t:"layer, and its interlinkage with global ",p:9,x:68,y:1201,w:191,h:19},
{t:"warming. They also meet some ",p:9,x:68,y:1221,w:160,h:19},
{t:"scientists on the Tara expeditions boat, ",p:9,x:68,y:1241,w:198,h:19},
{t:"which is drifting in the Arctic sea ice for ",p:9,x:68,y:1261,w:201,h:19},
{t:"the duration of International Polar Year ",p:9,x:68,y:1281,w:200,h:19},
{t:"2007-2008. ",p:9,x:68,y:1301,w:61,h:19},
{t:"From Kyoto to the Town Hall:  ",p:9,x:817,y:165,w:205,h:24},
{t:"Making International and National Climate ",p:9,x:817,y:189,w:300,h:24},
{t:"Policy Work at the Local Level",p:9,x:817,y:213,w:202,h:24},
{t:"Edited by Lennart J Lundqvist and Anders Biel (Earthscan 2007)",p:9,x:817,y:236,w:321,h:19},
{t:"Implementing international agreements and national policies ",p:9,x:817,y:256,w:316,h:19},
{t:"on climate change is often derailed by a variety of barriers ",p:9,x:817,y:276,w:296,h:19},
{t:"at the subnational, local and — perhaps most importantly ",p:9,x:817,y:296,w:302,h:19},
{t:"— individual level. This book addresses these barriers, drawing ",p:9,x:817,y:316,w:325,h:19},
{t:"on original research from Sweden, a world leader in efective ",p:9,x:817,y:336,w:310,h:19},
{t:"environmental solutions. The issues include governance ",p:9,x:817,y:356,w:284,h:19},
{t:"structures, the relationship between ",p:9,x:817,y:376,w:187,h:19},
{t:"‘",p:9,x:1003,y:376,w:2,h:19},
{t:"experts’ and the public, ",p:9,x:1005,y:376,w:118,h:19},
{t:"political feasibility, tax measures, perceptions of ",p:9,x:817,y:396,w:240,h:19},
{t:"‘fairness’ and ",p:9,x:1056,y:396,w:66,h:19},
{t:"self-interest, and the importance of environmental values.",p:9,x:817,y:416,w:289,h:19},
{t:"Silent Snow",p:9,x:817,y:457,w:81,h:24},
{t:"Marla Cone  ",p:9,x:817,y:480,w:62,h:19},
{t:"(Grove/Atlantic  ",p:9,x:817,y:500,w:82,h:19},
{t:"2006 edition)",p:9,x:817,y:520,w:68,h:19},
{t:"Traditionally thought of ",p:9,x:817,y:540,w:123,h:19},
{t:"as the last great unspoiled ",p:9,x:817,y:560,w:136,h:19},
{t:"territory on Earth, the Arctic ",p:9,x:817,y:580,w:145,h:19},
{t:"is in reality home to some ",p:9,x:817,y:600,w:133,h:19},
{t:"of the most contaminated ",p:9,x:817,y:620,w:134,h:19},
{t:"people and animals on ",p:9,x:817,y:640,w:118,h:19},
{t:"the planet. Los Marla Cone ",p:9,x:817,y:660,w:137,h:19},
{t:"traveled across the Arctic, ",p:9,x:817,y:680,w:132,h:19},
{t:"from Greenland to the ",p:9,x:817,y:700,w:115,h:19},
{t:"Aleutian Islands, to fnd out ",p:9,x:817,y:720,w:142,h:19},
{t:"why the Arctic is toxic. Tons ",p:9,x:817,y:740,w:140,h:19},
{t:"of dangerous chemicals and pesticides from the United States, ",p:9,x:817,y:760,w:317,h:19},
{t:"Europe, and Asia are being carried to the Arctic by northbound ",p:9,x:817,y:780,w:318,h:19},
{t:"winds and waves and amplifed in the ocean’s food web. As ",p:9,x:817,y:800,w:302,h:19},
{t:"a result, Inuit women who eat seal and whale meat have far ",p:9,x:817,y:820,w:306,h:19},
{t:"higher concentrations of PCBs and mercury in their breast milk ",p:9,x:817,y:840,w:319,h:19},
{t:"than women who live in the most industrialized areas of the ",p:9,x:817,y:860,w:307,h:19},
{t:"world, and they pass these poisons to their infants, leaving ",p:9,x:817,y:880,w:300,h:19},
{t:"them susceptible to disease.",p:9,x:817,y:900,w:143,h:19},
{t:"True Green",p:9,x:817,y:941,w:74,h:24},
{t:"Often the magnitude of the ",p:9,x:817,y:964,w:142,h:19},
{t:"environmental challenges ",p:9,x:817,y:984,w:134,h:19},
{t:"we face can leave us feeling ",p:9,x:817,y:1004,w:143,h:19},
{t:"powerless — but we’re not. ",p:9,x:817,y:1024,w:145,h:19},
{t:"In ",p:9,x:817,y:1044,w:12,h:19},
{t:"‘True Green’ , Kim McKay ",p:9,x:828,y:1044,w:122,h:19},
{t:"and Jenny Bonnin, part of ",p:9,x:817,y:1064,w:133,h:19},
{t:"the Clean Up Australia team, ",p:9,x:817,y:1084,w:147,h:19},
{t:"suggest 00 small ways in ",p:9,x:817,y:1104,w:135,h:19},
{t:"which you can make a big ",p:9,x:817,y:1124,w:133,h:19},
{t:"diference, at home, in the garden, at work, while travelling or ",p:9,x:817,y:1144,w:318,h:19},
{t:"in your community. Put on a jumper instead of the heater to ",p:9,x:817,y:1164,w:306,h:19},
{t:"lower carbon emissions Switch of electrical appliances at the ",p:9,x:817,y:1184,w:313,h:19},
{t:"power point — and lower your energy consumption (and bills!) ",p:9,x:817,y:1204,w:327,h:19},
{t:"Say no to plastic bags, and reduce waste. Take shorter showers, ",p:9,x:817,y:1224,w:321,h:19},
{t:"and save water. Walk or cycle to your local shops, and reduce ",p:9,x:817,y:1244,w:308,h:19},
{t:"pollution. Practical, positive and easy to use, True Green shows ",p:9,x:817,y:1264,w:318,h:19},
{t:"how making simple changes in your everyday life can contribute ",p:9,x:817,y:1284,w:328,h:19},
{t:"to a healthier planet. www.betruegreen.com”",p:9,x:817,y:1304,w:233,h:19},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:9,x:842,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"9",p:9,x:1139,y:1368,w:5,h:15},
{t:"0",p:10,x:60,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:10,x:97,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"by Roberto Dobles",p:10,x:756,y:942,w:388,h:60},
{t:"agenda ",p:10,x:60,y:685,w:568,h:202},
{t:"for action",p:10,x:578,y:685,w:593,h:202},
{t:"the next two decades will have a profound impact in the second half of this ",p:10,x:615,y:1043,w:532,h:20},
{t:"century and beyond.",p:10,x:615,y:1063,w:143,h:20},
{t:"Policies must be modifed, both nationally and globally. We cannot expect to ",p:10,x:615,y:1103,w:532,h:20},
{t:"reverse current trends with the same policies and mechanisms that created ",p:10,x:615,y:1123,w:532,h:20},
{t:"them in the frst place. To get diferent results, we have to stop resorting to the ",p:10,x:615,y:1143,w:532,h:20},
{t:"same ways. Business as usual is not an alternative. We need to devise creative ",p:10,x:615,y:1163,w:532,h:20},
{t:"and innovative means of addressing the problem. ",p:10,x:615,y:1183,w:346,h:20},
{t:"Our eforts should commit developed and developing economies ",p:10,x:615,y:1223,w:507,h:20},
{t:"to ",p:10,x:1130,y:1223,w:18,h:20},
{t:"stronger actions consistent with the principle of common but diferentiated ",p:10,x:615,y:1243,w:532,h:20},
{t:"responsibilities. However, defning an equitable set of responsibilities, linking ",p:10,x:615,y:1263,w:532,h:20},
{t:"strategies and developing an efective system of global governance are key ",p:10,x:615,y:1283,w:532,h:20},
{t:"parts of the puzzle that have yet to be defned. This must be done urgently. ",p:10,x:615,y:1303,w:532,h:20},
{t:"And we must learn how to align our countries’ priorities with global action, ",p:10,x:615,y:1323,w:532,h:20},
{t:"Time is running out to tackle climate change. We can wait no longer. Though ",p:10,x:60,y:1043,w:532,h:20},
{t:"it is one of the greatest challenges that humanity has faced, appropriate ",p:10,x:60,y:1063,w:532,h:20},
{t:"action has not yet been taken. We have to recognize that, although its causes ",p:10,x:60,y:1083,w:532,h:20},
{t:"are specifc to each country, its consequences are global and cumulative. No ",p:10,x:60,y:1103,w:532,h:20},
{t:"one can predict these with complete certainty, but we now have enough ",p:10,x:60,y:1123,w:532,h:20},
{t:"scientifc evidence to understand that the benefts of strong early action ",p:10,x:60,y:1143,w:532,h:20},
{t:"clearly outweigh the great costs and risks of inaction. ",p:10,x:60,y:1163,w:369,h:20},
{t:"Climate change, however, ",p:10,x:60,y:1203,w:191,h:20},
{t:"is ",p:10,x:256,y:1203,w:14,h:20},
{t:"not just about costs. A complex group of ",p:10,x:274,y:1203,w:317,h:20},
{t:"interlinked catastrophes (environmental, economic, human, social, ethical ",p:10,x:60,y:1223,w:532,h:20},
{t:"and political—and concerning health, equity and justice, among other ",p:10,x:60,y:1243,w:532,h:20},
{t:"factors) also lie at the centre of the problem, as does the relationship between ",p:10,x:60,y:1263,w:532,h:20},
{t:"developing and developed countries. The world is in danger and important ",p:10,x:60,y:1283,w:532,h:20},
{t:"steps have to be taken soon to change course. As greenhouse gas emissions ",p:10,x:60,y:1303,w:532,h:20},
{t:"have a long lead-time in afecting the climate, our actions (or inaction) during ",p:10,x:60,y:1323,w:532,h:20},
{t:"© K",p:10,x:33,y:139,w:0,h:10},
{t:"azuy",p:10,x:33,y:127,w:0,h:10},
{t:"oshi Nomachi/C",p:10,x:33,y:111,w:0,h:10},
{t:"or",p:10,x:33,y:56,w:0,h:10},
{t:"bis",p:10,x:33,y:49,w:0,h:10},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:11,x:842,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"",p:11,x:1134,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"harmonizing national strategies with the development of a new and more ",p:11,x:60,y:165,w:533,h:20},
{t:"efective global governance system.",p:11,x:60,y:185,w:248,h:20},
{t:"For its part, Costa Rica has decided to act immediately, unilaterally declaring ",p:11,x:60,y:225,w:533,h:20},
{t:"its goal to become carbon neutral. We are designing an integrated climate ",p:11,x:60,y:245,w:533,h:20},
{t:"change strategy to achieve this in such a way that this complex goal can be ",p:11,x:60,y:265,w:533,h:20},
{t:"replicated in other countries with similar characteristics.",p:11,x:60,y:285,w:385,h:20},
{t:"This process is bringing the climate to the top of the government agenda. ",p:11,x:60,y:325,w:533,h:20},
{t:"The Administration that was elected last year included it as a priority in its ",p:11,x:60,y:345,w:533,h:20},
{t:"National Development Plan. Important segments of the private sector and ",p:11,x:60,y:365,w:533,h:20},
{t:"the media have already shown enthusiastic support, and society is beginning ",p:11,x:60,y:385,w:533,h:20},
{t:"to share the vision that a carbon-neutral economy is also a competitive one.",p:11,x:60,y:405,w:522,h:20},
{t:"The strategy, clearly orientated to action, was defned around fve ",p:11,x:60,y:445,w:455,h:20},
{t:"strategic components: ",p:11,x:60,y:465,w:158,h:20},
{t:"Measurement: This will develop an accurate, reliable and verifable system ",p:11,x:60,y:504,w:533,h:20},
{t:"with built in mechanisms for monitoring.",p:11,x:60,y:525,w:282,h:20},
{t:"Mitigation: This is focused on becoming a carbon neutral country with a vision ",p:11,x:60,y:564,w:533,h:20},
{t:"integrating complex environmental, health, economic, human, social, ethical, ",p:11,x:60,y:585,w:533,h:20},
{t:"economic, moral, cultural, educational and political issues with the national ",p:11,x:60,y:605,w:533,h:20},
{t:"competitiveness strategy. Promoting carbon neutral companies, regions and ",p:11,x:60,y:625,w:533,h:20},
{t:"communities — and other stakeholders — will provide both incentives for ",p:11,x:60,y:645,w:533,h:20},
{t:"action and an additional diferentiation element for competitiveness.",p:11,x:60,y:665,w:476,h:20},
{t:"Action will include these main elements: reducing emissions at source; ",p:11,x:60,y:705,w:533,h:20},
{t:"enhancing carbon sinks through reforestation and natural forest regeneration; ",p:11,x:60,y:725,w:533,h:20},
{t:"and developing carbon markets at production and local and international ",p:11,x:60,y:745,w:533,h:20},
{t:"product level. Our avoided deforestation program (which includes our ",p:11,x:60,y:765,w:533,h:20},
{t:"participation in the Coalition for Rainforest Nations) and a new tree planting ",p:11,x:60,y:785,w:533,h:20},
{t:"campaign, which ",p:11,x:60,y:805,w:127,h:20},
{t:"will ",p:11,x:193,y:805,w:27,h:20},
{t:"be also linked ",p:11,x:227,y:805,w:110,h:20},
{t:"to Wangari Maathai’s ",p:11,x:343,y:805,w:159,h:20},
{t:"Billion Tree ",p:11,x:508,y:805,w:84,h:20},
{t:"Campaign, are part of our planned climate change actions. The relationship ",p:11,x:60,y:825,w:533,h:20},
{t:"of climate change to the country’s competitiveness strategy is an important ",p:11,x:60,y:845,w:533,h:20},
{t:"part of our design. We are creating the conditions to induce responsible and ",p:11,x:60,y:865,w:533,h:20},
{t:"competitive behaviour. ",p:11,x:60,y:885,w:163,h:20},
{t:"The international business community — as the Carbon Disclosure Project ",p:11,x:60,y:925,w:533,h:20},
{t:"companies ",p:11,x:60,y:945,w:79,h:20},
{t:"recognise ",p:11,x:147,y:945,w:71,h:20},
{t:"— ",p:11,x:226,y:945,w:20,h:20},
{t:"accepts ",p:11,x:254,y:945,w:56,h:20},
{t:"that ",p:11,x:318,y:945,w:31,h:20},
{t:"major ",p:11,x:357,y:945,w:44,h:20},
{t:"economic, ",p:11,x:409,y:945,w:75,h:20},
{t:"fnancial ",p:11,x:493,y:945,w:62,h:20},
{t:"and ",p:11,x:563,y:945,w:30,h:20},
{t:"competitive climate change risks are associated with exposure to: ",p:11,x:60,y:965,w:455,h:20},
{t:"Competitive risks, from the shift in future consumers’ from high intensity  ",p:11,x:78,y:985,w:506,h:20},
{t:"carbon to low carbon or carbon neutral services and products. ",p:11,x:78,y:1005,w:433,h:20},
{t:"Reputational risks, from consumers’ perceiving inaction by companies. ",p:11,x:78,y:1034,w:488,h:20},
{t:"Regulatory risks, from exposure to potential local and  ",p:11,x:78,y:1064,w:375,h:20},
{t:"international regulations.",p:11,x:78,y:1084,w:174,h:20},
{t:"Economic and fnancial risks, from impacts on assets and infrastructure  ",p:11,x:78,y:1113,w:495,h:20},
{t:"caused by extreme climate events. ",p:11,x:78,y:1133,w:241,h:20},
{t:"Against these risks, there are also major opportunities associated with ",p:11,x:60,y:1163,w:533,h:20},
{t:"innovation, ",p:11,x:60,y:1183,w:82,h:20},
{t:"consumers’ ",p:11,x:151,y:1183,w:81,h:20},
{t:"perceptions, ",p:11,x:242,y:1183,w:89,h:20},
{t:"investors’ ",p:11,x:341,y:1183,w:67,h:20},
{t:"preferences ",p:11,x:419,y:1183,w:84,h:20},
{t:"and ",p:11,x:513,y:1183,w:30,h:20},
{t:"rapid ",p:11,x:553,y:1183,w:39,h:20},
{t:"technological change in existing sectors of the economy ",p:11,x:60,y:1203,w:431,h:20},
{t:"— ",p:11,x:497,y:1203,w:20,h:20},
{t:"and with ",p:11,x:523,y:1203,w:70,h:20},
{t:"developing new ones related to climate change issues.",p:11,x:60,y:1223,w:377,h:20},
{t:"Adaptation: Water ",p:11,x:60,y:1262,w:142,h:20},
{t:"resources, health, agriculture, ",p:11,x:208,y:1263,w:219,h:20},
{t:"infrastructure, coastal ",p:11,x:433,y:1263,w:159,h:20},
{t:"areas, forest ecosystems and land and marine biodiversity are among the ",p:11,x:60,y:1283,w:533,h:20},
{t:"key components of the adaptation strategy, as are risk management and ",p:11,x:60,y:1303,w:533,h:20},
{t:"preparation for disasters. ",p:11,x:60,y:1323,w:175,h:20},
{t:"*",p:11,x:60,y:982,w:10,h:23},
{t:"*",p:11,x:60,y:1032,w:10,h:23},
{t:"*",p:11,x:60,y:1061,w:10,h:23},
{t:"*",p:11,x:60,y:1111,w:10,h:23},
{t:"Education, culture and public awareness: The country wants its people ",p:11,x:622,y:161,w:525,h:20},
{t:"to be involved, engaged and committed in combating climate change, and ",p:11,x:617,y:182,w:531,h:20},
{t:"to build a societal system of decision making for implementing the strategy. ",p:11,x:617,y:202,w:531,h:20},
{t:"Individual habits, consumer preferences and patterns of consumption must ",p:11,x:617,y:222,w:531,h:20},
{t:"be made compatible with climate change imperatives. ",p:11,x:617,y:242,w:379,h:20},
{t:"We want informed citizens with the awareness and knowledge to enable ",p:11,x:617,y:262,w:531,h:20},
{t:"them to participate more actively and efectively in climate change issues. ",p:11,x:617,y:282,w:531,h:20},
{t:"This will, in turn, increase their capacity to infuence the decision making ",p:11,x:617,y:302,w:531,h:20},
{t:"processes to take the action needed to make a diference.",p:11,x:617,y:322,w:397,h:20},
{t:"Capacity building: If we are to implement a comprehensive national strategy, ",p:11,x:617,y:361,w:531,h:20},
{t:"we must build capabilities at all levels of society to respond to climate change, ",p:11,x:617,y:382,w:531,h:20},
{t:"to measure and mitigate its causes and to learn — and communicate — how ",p:11,x:617,y:402,w:531,h:20},
{t:"to adapt to its consequences. ",p:11,x:617,y:422,w:205,h:20},
{t:"Global governance and its mechanisms will be put to the test as they try to ",p:11,x:617,y:462,w:531,h:20},
{t:"solve one of the greatest challenges in the history of mankind: the ones which ",p:11,x:617,y:482,w:531,h:20},
{t:"allowed the current climate change crisis to develop must be revised. We will ",p:11,x:617,y:502,w:531,h:20},
{t:"not obtain diferent results doing the same things and relying on previous ",p:11,x:617,y:522,w:531,h:20},
{t:"ways. Developing new technologies to move to a low-carbon or carbon-",p:11,x:617,y:542,w:527,h:20},
{t:"constrained economy — and to stabilize carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ",p:11,x:617,y:562,w:531,h:20},
{t:"— is a priority, one which must be integrated into the puzzle. ",p:11,x:617,y:582,w:425,h:20},
{t:"Some sort of agreement will be needed among diferent countries, especially ",p:11,x:617,y:622,w:531,h:20},
{t:"the major emitters. If the current stalemate is to be broken, countries must show ",p:11,x:617,y:642,w:531,h:20},
{t:"leadership in building a new international climate regime with the necessary ",p:11,x:617,y:662,w:531,h:20},
{t:"targets and time frames to take us into the future safely and intelligently. ",p:11,x:617,y:682,w:531,h:20},
{t:"Defning new and additional commitments and breaking the atmosphere of ",p:11,x:617,y:702,w:531,h:20},
{t:"suspicion between countries will ensure a true and global solution.",p:11,x:617,y:722,w:458,h:20},
{t:"The post-2012 climate framework must consider the both the experiences ",p:11,x:617,y:762,w:531,h:20},
{t:"of the Kyoto Protocol and other new and complementary sector and ",p:11,x:617,y:782,w:531,h:20},
{t:"policy ",p:11,x:617,y:802,w:45,h:20},
{t:"approaches. ",p:11,x:669,y:802,w:87,h:20},
{t:"A ",p:11,x:764,y:802,w:13,h:20},
{t:"wider ",p:11,x:785,y:802,w:42,h:20},
{t:"framework ",p:11,x:835,y:802,w:78,h:20},
{t:"is ",p:11,x:921,y:802,w:14,h:20},
{t:"needed ",p:11,x:942,y:802,w:56,h:20},
{t:"to ",p:11,x:1005,y:802,w:18,h:20},
{t:"reverse ",p:11,x:1031,y:802,w:53,h:20},
{t:"present ",p:11,x:1091,y:802,w:56,h:20},
{t:"trends. Combining broad and specifc commitments would encourage ",p:11,x:617,y:822,w:531,h:20},
{t:"developing countries better to integrate climate concerns into development ",p:11,x:617,y:842,w:531,h:20},
{t:"planning. This would allow policies to be tailored to national circumstances, ",p:11,x:617,y:862,w:531,h:20},
{t:"and at the same time give countries the international recognition that will ",p:11,x:617,y:882,w:531,h:20},
{t:"increase their competitiveness in attracting direct foreign investment.",p:11,x:617,y:902,w:481,h:20},
{t:"Critical aspects of the Kyoto Protocol include the use of the ‘cap and trade’ ",p:11,x:617,y:942,w:531,h:20},
{t:"approach of binding targets for Annex I parties, the fexible mechanisms ",p:11,x:617,y:962,w:531,h:20},
{t:"(emissions trading and joint implementation), and the Clean Development ",p:11,x:617,y:982,w:531,h:20},
{t:"Mechanism (CDM), which allows developing countries to create tradable ",p:11,x:617,y:1002,w:531,h:20},
{t:"credits on a project-by-project basis. Continuing the CDM post 2012 is  ",p:11,x:617,y:1022,w:531,h:20},
{t:"critical for encouraging investments in a vital part of the market. But it only ",p:11,x:617,y:1042,w:531,h:20},
{t:"allows credits for discrete projects, so diferent programmatic crediting ",p:11,x:617,y:1062,w:531,h:20},
{t:"approaches are needed to achieve deeper and broader emissions reductions ",p:11,x:617,y:1082,w:531,h:20},
{t:"in developing countries. So are stronger incentives and new mechanisms, ",p:11,x:617,y:1102,w:510,h:20},
{t:"The scope of CDM investment should also be expanded to cover sectoral ",p:11,x:617,y:1142,w:531,h:20},
{t:"and policy-based activitie — setting emission reduction targets for sectors or ",p:11,x:617,y:1162,w:531,h:20},
{t:"whole economies ",p:11,x:617,y:1182,w:132,h:20},
{t:"from estimated baselines approved by international ",p:11,x:755,y:1182,w:392,h:20},
{t:"accredited bodies — in such a way that a whole sector would become eligible ",p:11,x:617,y:1202,w:531,h:20},
{t:"for trading allowances and certifed emission reductions.",p:11,x:617,y:1222,w:391,h:20},
{t:"Thus action on climate change action is the responsibility of all countries, ",p:11,x:617,y:1262,w:531,h:20},
{t:"not just major ones. Action must be consistent with the principle of common ",p:11,x:617,y:1282,w:531,h:20},
{t:"but diferentiated responsibilities. Costa Rica is pursuing a strategy which is ",p:11,x:617,y:1302,w:531,h:20},
{t:"consistent with its local, regional and global ones. ",p:11,x:617,y:1323,w:346,h:20},
{t:"agenda ",p:11,x:-1144,y:685,w:568,h:202},
{t:"for action",p:11,x:-626,y:685,w:593,h:202},
{t:"new dynamics by Yvo de Boer",p:12,x:813,y:57,w:1534,h:216},
{t:"© ",p:12,x:33,y:161,w:0,h:10},
{t:"T",p:12,x:33,y:154,w:0,h:10},
{t:"ui D",p:12,x:33,y:150,w:0,h:10},
{t:"e R",p:12,x:33,y:136,w:0,h:10},
{t:"o",p:12,x:33,y:126,w:0,h:10},
{t:"y/M",p:12,x:33,y:121,w:0,h:10},
{t:"inden/G",p:12,x:33,y:108,w:0,h:10},
{t:"ett",p:12,x:33,y:79,w:0,h:10},
{t:"y I",p:12,x:33,y:70,w:0,h:10},
{t:"mages",p:12,x:33,y:62,w:0,h:10},
{t:"2",p:12,x:60,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:12,x:97,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"Further engagement of developing countries, in particular major emitters; ",p:13,x:632,y:312,w:514,h:20},
{t:"The requirement that developing countries get incentives to limit their  ",p:13,x:632,y:346,w:494,h:20},
{t:"emissions and assistance to adapt to the impacts of climate change, so as  ",p:13,x:632,y:366,w:512,h:20},
{t:"to safeguard socio-economic development and poverty eradication; and ",p:13,x:632,y:386,w:504,h:20},
{t:"Full fexibility in the carbon market to ensure the most cost-efective  ",p:13,x:632,y:421,w:477,h:20},
{t:"implementation and to mobilize the resources needed to provide  ",p:13,x:632,y:441,w:458,h:20},
{t:"incentives to developing countries. ",p:13,x:632,y:461,w:245,h:20},
{t:"It is time to change the dynamics of the UNFCCC process and to turn ",p:13,x:616,y:491,w:531,h:20},
{t:"December’s Conference of the Parties in Bali into the beginning of a new ",p:13,x:616,y:511,w:531,h:20},
{t:"phase in the politics of climate change. The debate on whether or not to ",p:13,x:616,y:531,w:531,h:20},
{t:"embark on new negotiations needs to be replaced by a substantial discussion ",p:13,x:616,y:551,w:531,h:20},
{t:"on how Parties envisage the Convention in the longer term.",p:13,x:616,y:571,w:411,h:20},
{t:"The frst and most important task is to bring together the discussions that ",p:13,x:616,y:591,w:531,h:20},
{t:"will shape a future climate regime. These include, primarily, negotiations on  ",p:13,x:616,y:611,w:531,h:20},
{t:"further commitments for industrialized countries (currently the responsibility ",p:13,x:616,y:631,w:531,h:20},
{t:"of an ad hoc working group under the Kyoto Protocol) and a broader ",p:13,x:616,y:651,w:531,h:20},
{t:"discussion on long-term cooperative action to address climate change, ",p:13,x:616,y:671,w:531,h:20},
{t:"taking place in the form of a dialogue under the UNFCCC. This non-binding ",p:13,x:616,y:691,w:531,h:20},
{t:"and open dialogue has enabled Parties to take a broader look at the ",p:13,x:616,y:711,w:531,h:20},
{t:"Convention by considering four thematic areas: advancing development ",p:13,x:616,y:731,w:531,h:20},
{t:"goals in a sustainable way; addressing action on adaptation; ",p:13,x:616,y:751,w:462,h:20},
{t:"realizing ",p:13,x:1084,y:751,w:62,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:13,x:616,y:771,w:26,h:20},
{t:"full ",p:13,x:649,y:771,w:25,h:20},
{t:"potential ",p:13,x:682,y:771,w:66,h:20},
{t:"of ",p:13,x:755,y:771,w:17,h:20},
{t:"technologies; ",p:13,x:780,y:771,w:97,h:20},
{t:"and ",p:13,x:884,y:771,w:30,h:20},
{t:"realising ",p:13,x:921,y:771,w:62,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:13,x:990,y:771,w:26,h:20},
{t:"full ",p:13,x:1024,y:771,w:25,h:20},
{t:"potential ",p:13,x:1056,y:771,w:66,h:20},
{t:"of ",p:13,x:1129,y:771,w:17,h:20},
{t:"market-based opportunities.",p:13,x:616,y:791,w:198,h:20},
{t:"This broader perspective has provided the opportunity for countries to ",p:13,x:616,y:831,w:531,h:20},
{t:"identify the essential building blocks for a future regime. Technology, for ",p:13,x:616,y:851,w:531,h:20},
{t:"example, lies at the core of any response to climate change as it provides ",p:13,x:616,y:871,w:531,h:20},
{t:"the physical means to address ",p:13,x:616,y:891,w:233,h:20},
{t:"it. ",p:13,x:855,y:891,w:16,h:20},
{t:"The Convention could, ",p:13,x:876,y:891,w:170,h:20},
{t:"for example, ",p:13,x:1052,y:891,w:94,h:20},
{t:"strengthen its activities on technology deployment and transfer, and look ",p:13,x:616,y:911,w:531,h:20},
{t:"into establishing agreements and partnerships for technology research and ",p:13,x:616,y:931,w:531,h:20},
{t:"development. Then, adaptation must be seen as a priority since it is not ",p:13,x:616,y:951,w:531,h:20},
{t:"feasible entirely to prevent the impacts of climate change. It is, therefore, ",p:13,x:616,y:971,w:531,h:20},
{t:"essential to generate mechanisms to support and strengthen the processes ",p:13,x:616,y:991,w:531,h:20},
{t:"of assessment of vulnerability and adaptation — and of mainstreaming ",p:13,x:616,y:1011,w:531,h:20},
{t:"adaptation into development planning. Valuable knowledge for this task ",p:13,x:616,y:1031,w:531,h:20},
{t:"has been already produced under the Nairobi Work Programme on Impacts, ",p:13,x:616,y:1051,w:531,h:20},
{t:"Vulnerability and Adaptation. Finally, the implementation of the Convention ",p:13,x:616,y:1071,w:531,h:20},
{t:"relies ",p:13,x:616,y:1091,w:39,h:20},
{t:"upon sustainable, sufcient and predictable ",p:13,x:663,y:1091,w:334,h:20},
{t:"fnancial ",p:13,x:1005,y:1091,w:62,h:20},
{t:"resources. ",p:13,x:1074,y:1091,w:72,h:20},
{t:"Parties will embark on a comprehensive assessment of fnancial fows ",p:13,x:616,y:1111,w:531,h:20},
{t:"required to address all aspects of climate change, with an aim of making such ",p:13,x:616,y:1131,w:530,h:20},
{t:"resources available. ",p:13,x:616,y:1151,w:137,h:20},
{t:"What happens during 2007 at the political level is crucial for the future. ",p:13,x:616,y:1191,w:531,h:20},
{t:"As time passes, additional initiatives to address specifc aspects of global ",p:13,x:616,y:1211,w:531,h:20},
{t:"warming are likely to join those in place. It is the international community’s ",p:13,x:616,y:1231,w:531,h:20},
{t:"responsibility to lead these initiatives into common action and to avoid their ",p:13,x:616,y:1251,w:531,h:20},
{t:"fragmentation. Governments ought to devote substantial eforts to move ",p:13,x:616,y:1271,w:531,h:20},
{t:"international politics towards this end. The politics of climate change must ",p:13,x:616,y:1291,w:531,h:20},
{t:"heat up if the world’s ice is to remain frozen. ",p:13,x:616,y:1312,w:306,h:20},
{t:"*",p:13,x:616,y:310,w:10,h:23},
{t:"*",p:13,x:616,y:344,w:10,h:23},
{t:"*",p:13,x:616,y:418,w:10,h:23},
{t:"The warming of the earth’s climate system is unequivocal. According to the ",p:13,x:59,y:312,w:532,h:20},
{t:"Fourth Assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ",p:13,x:59,y:332,w:532,h:20},
{t:"(IPCC), most of the observed increase in global averaged temperatures ",p:13,x:59,y:352,w:532,h:20},
{t:"since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in ",p:13,x:59,y:372,w:532,h:20},
{t:"anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. Rising temperatures in the ",p:13,x:59,y:392,w:532,h:20},
{t:"Arctic have caused a decline of 2.7 percent of sea ice since 1978. Elsewhere, ",p:13,x:59,y:412,w:532,h:20},
{t:"mountain glaciers and snow cover are retreating. A third of the glacier surface ",p:13,x:59,y:432,w:532,h:20},
{t:"in Bolivia and Peru, for example, has disappeared since the seventies. Climate ",p:13,x:59,y:452,w:532,h:20},
{t:"change is one of the most critical global challenges of our time: its efects ",p:13,x:59,y:472,w:532,h:20},
{t:"range from agricultural impacts and endangered water and food security to ",p:13,x:59,y:492,w:532,h:20},
{t:"sea-level rise and the spread of vector-borne diseases. ",p:13,x:59,y:512,w:375,h:20},
{t:"While the ice continues to melt, the United Nations Framework Convention ",p:13,x:59,y:552,w:532,h:20},
{t:"on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is facing signifcant difculties on agreeing ",p:13,x:59,y:572,w:532,h:20},
{t:"on what needs to be done once the frst commitment period of the Kyoto ",p:13,x:59,y:592,w:532,h:20},
{t:"Protocol expires after 2012. International discussions to build a long-term ",p:13,x:59,y:612,w:532,h:20},
{t:"climate regime are constrained by a fundamental disagreement on how to ",p:13,x:59,y:632,w:532,h:20},
{t:"move forward. It is difcult to generalize the position of diferent groups of ",p:13,x:59,y:652,w:532,h:20},
{t:"Parties, as national circumstances relating to global warming vary widely. In ",p:13,x:59,y:672,w:532,h:20},
{t:"essence, developing countries sufer most of the negative climate-related ",p:13,x:59,y:692,w:532,h:20},
{t:"impacts but fear that emission limitations could compromise their economic ",p:13,x:59,y:712,w:532,h:20},
{t:"development. On ",p:13,x:59,y:732,w:132,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:13,x:199,y:732,w:26,h:20},
{t:"other ",p:13,x:233,y:732,w:41,h:20},
{t:"hand, ",p:13,x:282,y:732,w:42,h:20},
{t:"industrialized ",p:13,x:332,y:732,w:97,h:20},
{t:"countries, ",p:13,x:437,y:732,w:71,h:20},
{t:"driven ",p:13,x:516,y:732,w:47,h:20},
{t:"by ",p:13,x:571,y:732,w:20,h:20},
{t:"competitiveness concerns, are reluctant to agree to taking on new emission ",p:13,x:59,y:752,w:532,h:20},
{t:"reduction commitments without any move from developing ones. ",p:13,x:59,y:772,w:460,h:20},
{t:"Climate change is a global problem and, as such, needs a global response ",p:13,x:59,y:812,w:532,h:20},
{t:"which embraces the interests and needs of all countries.  In its absence, ",p:13,x:59,y:832,w:532,h:20},
{t:"individual actions face the risk of fragmentation and limited efectiveness. ",p:13,x:59,y:852,w:532,h:20},
{t:"The international community needs a common and long-term agreement to ",p:13,x:59,y:872,w:532,h:20},
{t:"address climate change, and a consensus on the direction that such a framework ",p:13,x:59,y:892,w:532,h:20},
{t:"should take. The need for such a multilateral response is the main reason why ",p:13,x:59,y:912,w:532,h:20},
{t:"the climate change debate within the United Nations must be revived. ",p:13,x:59,y:932,w:480,h:20},
{t:"More than ten years of diplomacy have delivered a mature process and have ",p:13,x:59,y:972,w:532,h:20},
{t:"put in place the carbon market, which is one of the most powerful tools for ",p:13,x:59,y:992,w:532,h:20},
{t:"international environmental policy. Negotiations on a future climate regime ",p:13,x:59,y:1012,w:532,h:20},
{t:"need to be reinvigorated during 2007, with a view to avoiding any gaps in ",p:13,x:59,y:1032,w:532,h:20},
{t:"the action to combat climate change, and in order to provide the carbon ",p:13,x:59,y:1052,w:532,h:20},
{t:"market with political certainty, The international community should seek ",p:13,x:59,y:1072,w:532,h:20},
{t:"the involvement of economic and fnancial decision makers, since emerging ",p:13,x:59,y:1092,w:532,h:20},
{t:"concerns with energy security and economic growth are closely linked to ",p:13,x:59,y:1112,w:532,h:20},
{t:"actions to combat global warming. To build confdence, Parties could set ",p:13,x:59,y:1132,w:532,h:20},
{t:"boundaries of their deliberations by agreeing on important elements of ",p:13,x:59,y:1152,w:532,h:20},
{t:"consensus in the form of principles. These could include:",p:13,x:59,y:1172,w:389,h:20},
{t:"The need for a long-term global response in line with the latest scientifc  ",p:13,x:76,y:1197,w:506,h:20},
{t:"fndings and compatible with private sector long-term investment   ",p:13,x:76,y:1217,w:466,h:20},
{t:"planning strategies;",p:13,x:76,y:1237,w:136,h:20},
{t:"The importance of industrialized countries continuing to take the lead by  ",p:13,x:76,y:1271,w:512,h:20},
{t:"substantially reducing their emissions, given their historic responsibility  ",p:13,x:76,y:1291,w:501,h:20},
{t:"and their economic power and capabilities;",p:13,x:76,y:1311,w:298,h:20},
{t:"*",p:13,x:59,y:1195,w:10,h:23},
{t:"*",p:13,x:59,y:1269,w:10,h:23},
{t:"new dynamics by Yvo de Boer",p:13,x:-391,y:57,w:1534,h:216},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:13,x:842,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"3",p:13,x:1134,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"Climate change is no theory to the Arctic’s inhabitants: it is stark and dangerous ",p:14,x:60,y:363,w:528,h:20},
{t:"reality. Human induced climate change is undermining the ecosystem upon ",p:14,x:60,y:383,w:525,h:20},
{t:"which we Inuit depend for our physical and cultural survival. ",p:14,x:60,y:403,w:419,h:20},
{t:"Discussion of global warming all too often tends to focus on political, ",p:14,x:60,y:443,w:513,h:20},
{t:"economic and ",p:14,x:60,y:463,w:108,h:20},
{t:"technical issues ",p:14,x:173,y:463,w:117,h:20},
{t:"rather than on human impacts and ",p:14,x:296,y:463,w:273,h:20},
{t:"consequences. But ",p:14,x:60,y:483,w:138,h:20},
{t:"Inuit and other northerners are already directly ",p:14,x:204,y:483,w:362,h:20},
{t:"experiencing its impact and we face dramatic problems with possible ",p:14,x:60,y:503,w:503,h:20},
{t:"social and cultural dislocation in the coming years.",p:14,x:60,y:523,w:347,h:20},
{t:"We have closely observed the environment for many generations, ",p:14,x:60,y:563,w:485,h:20},
{t:"accurately predicting the weather to enable us to travel safely on the ",p:14,x:60,y:583,w:473,h:20},
{t:"sea ice to hunt marine mammals, walrus and polar bears. Nowhere ",p:14,x:60,y:603,w:453,h:20},
{t:"else does ice and snow represent mobility as it does for us.  ",p:14,x:60,y:623,w:435,h:20},
{t:"They are our highways that lead us to our supermarkets — ",p:14,x:60,y:643,w:420,h:20},
{t:"the environment — and link us to other communities.",p:14,x:60,y:663,w:371,h:20},
{t:"Among the harm we have sufered from melting sea ",p:14,x:60,y:703,w:368,h:20},
{t:"ice and thawing permafrost are: damage to houses, ",p:14,x:60,y:723,w:355,h:20},
{t:"roads, airports, and pipelines; eroded landscape, ",p:14,x:60,y:743,w:343,h:20},
{t:"unstable slopes, and landslides; contaminated ",p:14,x:60,y:763,w:335,h:20},
{t:"drinking water; coastal losses to erosion of up ",p:14,x:60,y:783,w:328,h:20},
{t:"to one hundred feet per year; melting natural ",p:14,x:60,y:803,w:323,h:20},
{t:"ice cellars for food storage; melting permafrost ",p:14,x:60,y:823,w:318,h:20},
{t:"causing ",p:14,x:60,y:843,w:57,h:20},
{t:"beach ",p:14,x:127,y:843,w:46,h:20},
{t:"slumping ",p:14,x:183,y:843,w:69,h:20},
{t:"and ",p:14,x:261,y:843,w:30,h:20},
{t:"increased ",p:14,x:302,y:843,w:70,h:20},
{t:"erosion; increased snowfall; longer sea ice-",p:14,x:60,y:863,w:303,h:20},
{t:"free seasons; the arrival of new species ",p:14,x:60,y:883,w:302,h:20},
{t:"of birds, fsh and insects; unpredictable ",p:14,x:60,y:903,w:297,h:20},
{t:"sea ice conditions; and melting glaciers, ",p:14,x:60,y:923,w:292,h:20},
{t:"creating ",p:14,x:60,y:943,w:60,h:20},
{t:"torrents ",p:14,x:127,y:943,w:58,h:20},
{t:"in ",p:14,x:191,y:943,w:16,h:20},
{t:"place ",p:14,x:215,y:943,w:40,h:20},
{t:"of ",p:14,x:262,y:943,w:17,h:20},
{t:"streams. ",p:14,x:286,y:943,w:61,h:20},
{t:"These monumental changes ",p:14,x:60,y:963,w:213,h:20},
{t:"threaten ",p:14,x:280,y:963,w:62,h:20},
{t:"the memory of where we were, who we ",p:14,x:60,y:983,w:282,h:20},
{t:"are and all that we wish to become.",p:14,x:60,y:1003,w:244,h:20},
{t:"The Arctic is the early warning, the health ",p:14,x:60,y:1043,w:282,h:20},
{t:"barometer ",p:14,x:60,y:1063,w:76,h:20},
{t:"for ",p:14,x:145,y:1063,w:22,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:14,x:177,y:1063,w:26,h:20},
{t:"planet. ",p:14,x:212,y:1063,w:51,h:20},
{t:"Whatever ",p:14,x:271,y:1063,w:70,h:20},
{t:"happens in the world occurs here frst. If ",p:14,x:60,y:1083,w:283,h:20},
{t:"you wish to see how healthy the planet is, ",p:14,x:60,y:1103,w:287,h:20},
{t:"come here to take its pulse. Science has ",p:14,x:60,y:1123,w:288,h:20},
{t:"recently caught up with the changes our ",p:14,x:60,y:1143,w:290,h:20},
{t:"hunters — scientists in their own right — ",p:14,x:60,y:1163,w:297,h:20},
{t:"have been observing for decades. In 2004, ",p:14,x:60,y:1183,w:302,h:20},
{t:"the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) ",p:14,x:60,y:1203,w:308,h:20},
{t:"released the world’s most comprehensive ",p:14,x:60,y:1223,w:315,h:20},
{t:"detailed ",p:14,x:60,y:1243,w:60,h:20},
{t:"regional ",p:14,x:131,y:1243,w:60,h:20},
{t:"assessment ",p:14,x:203,y:1243,w:83,h:20},
{t:"of ",p:14,x:297,y:1243,w:17,h:20},
{t:"climate ",p:14,x:326,y:1243,w:54,h:20},
{t:"change, prepared by close to 300 scientists ",p:14,x:60,y:1263,w:325,h:20},
{t:"from 15 countries and chaired by the United ",p:14,x:60,y:1283,w:330,h:20},
{t:"States. The Inuit Circumpolar Conference (ICC) ",p:14,x:60,y:1303,w:337,h:20},
{t:"and other indigenous organizations of the north ",p:14,x:60,y:1323,w:347,h:20},
{t:"4",p:14,x:60,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:14,x:96,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"a human ",p:14,x:57,y:27,w:705,h:216},
{t:"issue",p:14,x:709,y:27,w:353,h:216},
{t:"by Sheila Watt-Cloutier",p:14,x:59,y:255,w:442,h:60},
{t:"ensured that it included traditional knowledge, that it would be more than a ",p:15,x:60,y:363,w:532,h:20},
{t:"piece of science, and that policy recommendations should be attached to it. ",p:15,x:60,y:379,w:526,h:20},
{t:"Among its key conclusions were:",p:15,x:64,y:423,w:225,h:20},
{t:"Marine species dependent on sea ice, including polar bears, ice-living  ",p:15,x:94,y:443,w:498,h:20},
{t:"seals, walrus, and some marine birds are very likely to decline, with  ",p:15,x:88,y:463,w:466,h:20},
{t:"some facing extinction.",p:15,x:88,y:483,w:161,h:20},
{t:"For Inuit, warming is likely to disrupt or even destroy their hunting and  ",p:15,x:99,y:503,w:493,h:20},
{t:"food-sharing culture as reduced sea ice causes populations to decline or  ",p:15,x:88,y:523,w:503,h:20},
{t:"become extinct.",p:15,x:88,y:543,w:111,h:20},
{t:"More ",p:15,x:81,y:583,w:39,h:20},
{t:"recently ",p:15,x:131,y:583,w:59,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:15,x:200,y:583,w:26,h:20},
{t:"Intergovernmental ",p:15,x:237,y:583,w:134,h:20},
{t:"Panel ",p:15,x:381,y:583,w:41,h:20},
{t:"on ",p:15,x:433,y:583,w:21,h:20},
{t:"Climate ",p:15,x:465,y:583,w:56,h:20},
{t:"Change, ",p:15,x:532,y:583,w:60,h:20},
{t:"involving over 2,000 scientists, came to much the same conclusion.  ",p:15,x:94,y:603,w:498,h:20},
{t:"This is a good sign: the world now fnally appears to be singing from ",p:15,x:107,y:623,w:484,h:20},
{t:"the same song sheet.",p:15,x:112,y:643,w:146,h:20},
{t:"Climate change in the Arctic is not just an environmental issue ",p:15,x:116,y:683,w:476,h:20},
{t:"with ",p:15,x:117,y:703,w:34,h:20},
{t:"unwelcome ",p:15,x:161,y:703,w:84,h:20},
{t:"economic ",p:15,x:254,y:703,w:72,h:20},
{t:"consequences. ",p:15,x:335,y:703,w:105,h:20},
{t:"It ",p:15,x:450,y:703,w:13,h:20},
{t:"is ",p:15,x:472,y:703,w:14,h:20},
{t:"a ",p:15,x:495,y:703,w:11,h:20},
{t:"matter ",p:15,x:516,y:703,w:50,h:20},
{t:"of ",p:15,x:575,y:703,w:17,h:20},
{t:"livelihood, a matter of food and a matter of individual and cultural  ",p:15,x:117,y:723,w:474,h:20},
{t:"survival. It is a human issue afecting our children, our families,  ",p:15,x:122,y:743,w:469,h:20},
{t:"our communities. The Arctic is not ‘wilderness’ or a ‘frontier’ . It is ",p:15,x:145,y:763,w:447,h:20},
{t:"our home and homeland.",p:15,x:142,y:783,w:176,h:20},
{t:"Despite the ACIA ’s compelling science we continued to have   ",p:15,x:168,y:823,w:424,h:20},
{t:"challenges with the global community over this urgent  ",p:15,x:188,y:843,w:403,h:20},
{t:"issue. At the time, as Chair of ICC, I looked at international  ",p:15,x:194,y:863,w:398,h:20},
{t:"           ",p:15,x:219,y:883,w:38,h:20},
{t:"human rights regimes in  ",p:15,x:422,y:883,w:169,h:20},
{t:"place to protect peoples  ",p:15,x:418,y:903,w:174,h:20},
{t:"from cultural extinction ",p:15,x:422,y:923,w:169,h:20},
{t:"— just what we ",p:15,x:429,y:943,w:123,h:20},
{t:"Inuit ",p:15,x:557,y:943,w:35,h:20},
{t:"could be facing with ",p:15,x:439,y:963,w:153,h:20},
{t:"climate change. The  ",p:15,x:450,y:983,w:142,h:20},
{t:"question before us  ",p:15,x:457,y:1003,w:135,h:20},
{t:"was how to bring ",p:15,x:462,y:1023,w:129,h:20},
{t:"some clarity of  ",p:15,x:484,y:1043,w:107,h:20},
{t:"purpose and focus ",p:15,x:460,y:1063,w:132,h:20},
{t:"to a debate that ",p:15,x:469,y:1083,w:123,h:20},
{t:"always seems to be ",p:15,x:452,y:1103,w:140,h:20},
{t:"caught up only in ",p:15,x:462,y:1123,w:130,h:20},
{t:"technical arguments and  ",p:15,x:416,y:1143,w:176,h:20},
{t:"competing short term ",p:15,x:428,y:1163,w:164,h:20},
{t:"economic ideologies. I believed ",p:15,x:376,y:1183,w:216,h:20},
{t:"strongly, and still do, that  ",p:15,x:408,y:1203,w:184,h:20},
{t:"it would be internationally  ",p:15,x:399,y:1223,w:193,h:20},
{t:"signifcant if global climate  ",p:15,x:394,y:1243,w:198,h:20},
{t:"change were debated and examined  ",p:15,x:338,y:1263,w:253,h:20},
{t:"in the arena of human rights — one that ",p:15,x:327,y:1283,w:264,h:20},
{t:"many governments, particularly in the  ",p:15,x:321,y:1303,w:271,h:20},
{t:"developed world, take seriously. ",p:15,x:363,y:1323,w:228,h:20},
{t:"I.",p:15,x:66,y:443,w:7,h:20},
{t:"II.",p:15,x:71,y:503,w:11,h:20},
{t:"After two years of preparations, I and 62 other Inuit from Canada and Alaska ",p:15,x:619,y:363,w:529,h:20},
{t:"fled a legal complaint last December. We believe that the 1948 American ",p:15,x:619,y:383,w:529,h:20},
{t:"Declaration on ",p:15,x:619,y:403,w:109,h:20},
{t:"the Rights and Duties of Man, supported by ",p:15,x:734,y:403,w:340,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:15,x:1081,y:403,w:26,h:20},
{t:"Inter ",p:15,x:1113,y:403,w:35,h:20},
{t:"American ",p:15,x:619,y:423,w:69,h:20},
{t:"Commission ",p:15,x:697,y:423,w:88,h:20},
{t:"on ",p:15,x:795,y:423,w:21,h:20},
{t:"Human ",p:15,x:826,y:423,w:54,h:20},
{t:"Rights, ",p:15,x:889,y:423,w:49,h:20},
{t:"may ",p:15,x:948,y:423,w:32,h:20},
{t:"provide ",p:15,x:991,y:423,w:56,h:20},
{t:"an ",p:15,x:1056,y:423,w:20,h:20},
{t:"efective ",p:15,x:1086,y:423,w:62,h:20},
{t:"means for us to defend our culture and way of ",p:15,x:619,y:443,w:356,h:20},
{t:"life. We are not asking ",p:15,x:979,y:443,w:168,h:20},
{t:"the United States and ",p:15,x:619,y:463,w:169,h:20},
{t:"the world ",p:15,x:795,y:463,w:75,h:20},
{t:"to ",p:15,x:877,y:463,w:17,h:20},
{t:"take a backward economic step.  ",p:15,x:901,y:463,w:247,h:20},
{t:"What we are saying is that governments must develop their economies using ",p:15,x:619,y:483,w:529,h:20},
{t:"appropriate technologies that signifcantly limit greenhouse gas emissions. ",p:15,x:619,y:503,w:529,h:20},
{t:"Inuit and other northerners are at peril because some are taking a short-term ",p:15,x:619,y:523,w:529,h:20},
{t:"view favored by some businesses.",p:15,x:619,y:542,w:228,h:20},
{t:"My purpose is to educate and encourage the global community to join to ",p:15,x:619,y:582,w:529,h:20},
{t:"combat global threats. Through our work, we have put the human face front ",p:15,x:619,y:602,w:529,h:20},
{t:"and central. We have changed the international discourse from dry technical ",p:15,x:619,y:622,w:529,h:20},
{t:"discussions to debates about human values and human rights, and have given ",p:15,x:619,y:642,w:529,h:20},
{t:"United Nations conferences a heartbeat, a renewed sense of urgency. We did ",p:15,x:619,y:662,w:529,h:20},
{t:"this by reminding people far away that the Inuit hunters falling through the ",p:15,x:619,y:682,w:529,h:20},
{t:"thinning ice are connected to the cars they drive, the industries they support ",p:15,x:619,y:702,w:529,h:20},
{t:"and the policies they chose to make and enforce.",p:15,x:619,y:722,w:337,h:20},
{t:"Our work has not been aggressive or confrontational. We are reaching out, ",p:15,x:619,y:762,w:529,h:20},
{t:"not striking out. The Inuit message is a ‘gift’ , an act of generosity from an ",p:15,x:619,y:782,w:529,h:20},
{t:"ancient culture, still deeply tied to the natural environment, to an urban, ",p:15,x:619,y:802,w:529,h:20},
{t:"industrial and modern world that has largely lost its connection with it.",p:15,x:619,y:822,w:489,h:20},
{t:"Initially the Commission chose not to ",p:15,x:619,y:862,w:241,h:20},
{t:"“proceed at present” with our petition. When ",p:15,x:857,y:862,w:290,h:20},
{t:"we insisted, it decided to hold a hearing on the legal aspects of climate change ",p:15,x:619,y:882,w:529,h:20},
{t:"and human rights. This was truly a historical moment for us and the world.",p:15,x:619,y:902,w:486,h:20},
{t:"We Inuit have lived in the Arctic for millennia. Our culture and economy ",p:15,x:619,y:942,w:529,h:20},
{t:"refect the land and all that it gives. We are connected to the land and our ",p:15,x:619,y:962,w:529,h:20},
{t:"understanding of who we are — our age old knowledge and wisdom — ",p:15,x:619,y:982,w:529,h:20},
{t:"comes from it. Our struggle to thrive in the harshest environment has given ",p:15,x:619,y:1002,w:529,h:20},
{t:"us the outlook we need to survive in the modern world. That outlook — a ",p:15,x:619,y:1022,w:529,h:20},
{t:"respectful human one that sees connections to everything — should inform ",p:15,x:619,y:1042,w:529,h:20},
{t:"the debate on climate change. Is it not because people worldwide have lost ",p:15,x:619,y:1062,w:529,h:20},
{t:"the connection between themselves and their neighbours, between their ",p:15,x:619,y:1082,w:529,h:20},
{t:"actions and the environment, that we fnd ourselves having to come to grips ",p:15,x:619,y:1102,w:529,h:20},
{t:"with climate change?",p:15,x:619,y:1122,w:143,h:20},
{t:"We will adapt as best we can. But I strongly believe, as do many others well ",p:15,x:619,y:1162,w:529,h:20},
{t:"versed in this issue, that there is a window of opportunity in the next 10 to ",p:15,x:619,y:1182,w:529,h:20},
{t:"15 years to make efective changes in how we live as the global community. ",p:15,x:619,y:1202,w:529,h:20},
{t:"There is still time to prevent from fully unfolding ACIA ’s stark predictions that ",p:15,x:619,y:1222,w:529,h:20},
{t:"our hunting culture will be lost in my grandson’s lifetime.",p:15,x:619,y:1242,w:392,h:20},
{t:"We must come together as a global community and understand our shared ",p:15,x:619,y:1282,w:529,h:20},
{t:"humanity — so as to take responsibility and immediate action to address this ",p:15,x:619,y:1302,w:529,h:20},
{t:"defning issue of our time. ",p:15,x:619,y:1323,w:183,h:20},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:15,x:843,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"5",p:15,x:1134,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"© James B",p:15,x:1171,y:40,w:0,h:9},
{t:"alo",p:15,x:1171,y:75,w:0,h:9},
{t:"g/S",p:15,x:1171,y:86,w:0,h:9},
{t:"t",p:15,x:1171,y:97,w:0,h:9},
{t:"one/G",p:15,x:1171,y:100,w:0,h:9},
{t:"ett",p:15,x:1171,y:122,w:0,h:9},
{t:"y Images",p:15,x:1171,y:131,w:0,h:9},
{t:"Sheila Watt-Cloutier, environmental campaigner and International Chair of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference 2002–2006, was named by UNEP as a ",p:15,x:60,y:44,w:820,h:21},
{t:"2005 UNEP Champion of the Earth. The award is given annually to seven outstanding environmental leaders who have signifcantly infuenced the ",p:15,x:60,y:66,w:820,h:21},
{t:"protection and sustainable management of the planet’s environment. ",p:15,x:60,y:88,w:392,h:21},
{t:"Each issue of Our Planet features the views of one of UNEP’s Champions.  For more information on the UNEP Champions of the Earth award see ",p:15,x:60,y:110,w:820,h:21},
{t:"http://www.unep.org/champions/.",p:15,x:60,y:132,w:198,h:21},
{t:"6",p:16,x:60,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:16,x:97,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"Climate change is not just an environmental concern, but also a major ",p:16,x:59,y:138,w:534,h:20},
{t:"development issue. The magnitude of the major climate and environmental ",p:16,x:59,y:158,w:534,h:20},
{t:"changes related to global warming over the past century has gone beyond ",p:16,x:59,y:178,w:534,h:20},
{t:"the range of natural variability and now poses a major threat to the survival of ",p:16,x:59,y:198,w:534,h:20},
{t:"humankind and sustainable social and economic development. It has become ",p:16,x:59,y:218,w:534,h:20},
{t:"an imminent challenge to everyone in the world. ",p:16,x:59,y:238,w:340,h:20},
{t:"It has also had severe impacts on China’s climate and environment and has ",p:16,x:59,y:278,w:534,h:20},
{t:"brought challenges to its development. A proper response to climate change ",p:16,x:59,y:298,w:534,h:20},
{t:"is thus part and parcel of national eforts for achieving harmony between ",p:16,x:59,y:318,w:534,h:20},
{t:"men and nature and for building a harmonious society.",p:16,x:59,y:338,w:380,h:20},
{t:"The latest fndings in the ",p:16,x:59,y:376,w:191,h:20},
{t:"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s ",p:16,x:256,y:376,w:338,h:20},
{t:"Working Group I contribution to its Fourth Assessment Report show a marked ",p:16,x:59,y:395,w:534,h:20},
{t:"increase in global average surface temperature, continuous sea level rise and ",p:16,x:59,y:415,w:534,h:20},
{t:"steady shrinking of snow cover in most areas of the Northern Hemisphere — ",p:16,x:59,y:434,w:534,h:20},
{t:"all of which indicate a trend of global warming. From 1906 to 2005 the mean ",p:16,x:59,y:453,w:534,h:20},
{t:"global surface temperature increased by 0.74°C (within a range of 0.56°C to ",p:16,x:59,y:472,w:534,h:20},
{t:"0.92°C). The average temperatures in the northern hemisphere during the ",p:16,x:59,y:491,w:534,h:20},
{t:"second half of the 20th century were very likely higher than during any 50 ",p:16,x:59,y:510,w:534,h:20},
{t:"year period in the last 500 years, and likely the highest in at least the past ",p:16,x:59,y:530,w:534,h:20},
{t:"1,300 years. ",p:16,x:59,y:550,w:84,h:20},
{t:"In the context of global warming, the climate and environment in China have ",p:16,x:59,y:590,w:534,h:20},
{t:"also undergone signifcant and profound changes. China, like other parts of ",p:16,x:59,y:610,w:534,h:20},
{t:"the globe, will witness a continuous rise in temperature in the future. There ",p:16,x:59,y:630,w:534,h:20},
{t:"will also be changes in the pattern of precipitation.",p:16,x:59,y:650,w:350,h:20},
{t:"Over the recent 100 years, China’s annual average surface temperature has ",p:16,x:59,y:690,w:534,h:20},
{t:"increased signifcantly by about 0.5°C to 0.8°C. 2006 had the highest annual ",p:16,x:59,y:710,w:534,h:20},
{t:"average temperature across the country since 1951, and the average winter ",p:16,x:59,y:730,w:534,h:20},
{t:"temperature was the second highest in the same period, after 1998.",p:16,x:59,y:750,w:466,h:20},
{t:"Projections of future climate change suggest that China’s surface temperature ",p:16,x:59,y:790,w:534,h:20},
{t:"is likely to increase noticeably under diferent emission scenarios over the ",p:16,x:59,y:810,w:534,h:20},
{t:"next twenty to a hundred years. Precipitation also shows an increasing ",p:16,x:59,y:830,w:534,h:20},
{t:"trend, though this varies remarkably in both time and space. Northern ",p:16,x:59,y:850,w:534,h:20},
{t:"China will witness more days with precipitation, while there will more heavy ",p:16,x:59,y:870,w:534,h:20},
{t:"rain in the south of the country. Some areas may sufer more excessively ",p:16,x:59,y:890,w:534,h:20},
{t:"heavy precipitation.",p:16,x:59,y:910,w:137,h:20},
{t:"Over the past fve decades China has also experienced a dramatic change in ",p:16,x:59,y:950,w:534,h:20},
{t:"both the frequency and the intensity of extreme weather and climate events, ",p:16,x:59,y:970,w:534,h:20},
{t:"which are increasing in both number and strength. In 2006, it registered a good ",p:16,x:59,y:990,w:534,h:20},
{t:"number of record extreme weather events, such as: the high temperature and ",p:16,x:59,y:1010,w:534,h:20},
{t:"drought scorching Chongqing and Sichuan; Typhoon “Saomai” , the strongest ",p:16,x:59,y:1030,w:534,h:20},
{t:"since 1951, hitting Zhejiang Province; severe drought plaguing northern ",p:16,x:59,y:1050,w:534,h:20},
{t:"China; and a fallout of 330,000 tons of dust on Beijing in just one night. Climate ",p:16,x:59,y:1070,w:534,h:20},
{t:"warming also brings a higher forest fre risk in dry and arid regions, and last ",p:16,x:59,y:1090,w:534,h:20},
{t:"year accounted for the most severe ones in northeast China since 1987.",p:16,x:59,y:1110,w:491,h:20},
{t:"China’s daily maximum and minimum temperatures will rise in future. The ",p:16,x:59,y:1150,w:534,h:20},
{t:"number of extremely cold days is likely to fall, but the hot summer period is ",p:16,x:59,y:1170,w:534,h:20},
{t:"likely to get longer, and extreme high temperatures, heat waves and droughts ",p:16,x:59,y:1190,w:534,h:20},
{t:"will occur more frequently.",p:16,x:59,y:1210,w:184,h:20},
{t:"Climate change increases the volatility of agricultural production and losses ",p:16,x:59,y:1250,w:534,h:20},
{t:"of crops and livestock caused by meteorological disasters. Failure to take ",p:16,x:59,y:1270,w:534,h:20},
{t:"adaptation measures might reduce China’s total crop production by 5–10 per ",p:16,x:59,y:1290,w:534,h:20},
{t:"cent by 2030 in general. Wheat, rice and corn would be particularly afected.",p:16,x:59,y:1310,w:524,h:20},
{t:"It is also leading to an increasingly serious shortage of water resources in ",p:16,x:614,y:1130,w:534,h:20},
{t:"China. The measured runof of the top six rivers since the 1950s suggests a ",p:16,x:614,y:1150,w:534,h:20},
{t:"decline. In northern China some rivers experienced drying up and some ",p:16,x:614,y:1170,w:534,h:20},
{t:"areas are sufering a drastic drop in groundwater. In the future there would ",p:16,x:614,y:1190,w:534,h:20},
{t:"be a further imbalance between water supply and demand, particularly in ",p:16,x:614,y:1210,w:534,h:20},
{t:"dry years and in north and northwest China. Climate change could have a ",p:16,x:614,y:1230,w:534,h:20},
{t:"heavy impact on major projects, posing increasingly higher risks to their safe ",p:16,x:614,y:1250,w:534,h:20},
{t:"operation. It may, for example, increase precipitation in the upper reaches of ",p:16,x:614,y:1270,w:534,h:20},
{t:"the Yangtze River basin, likely leading to such geological disasters as mud-rock ",p:16,x:614,y:1290,w:534,h:20},
{t:"fows and landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir catchment. The expected ",p:16,x:614,y:1310,w:534,h:20},
{t:"warmer temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau might further degenerate ",p:16,x:1267,y:1130,w:531,h:20},
{t:"the permafrost along its railway, likely destabilizing segments of the rail link.",p:16,x:1267,y:1150,w:525,h:20},
{t:"The impacts of climate change on China’s natural and ecological systems—",p:16,x:1267,y:1190,w:527,h:20},
{t:"and on its economy and society—are also refected in a number of other ",p:16,x:1267,y:1210,w:531,h:20},
{t:"facets. such as the shrinking acreage of lakes, falling water levels, reduced ",p:16,x:1267,y:1230,w:531,h:20},
{t:"wetland, ",p:16,x:1267,y:1250,w:63,h:20},
{t:"degraded ",p:16,x:1344,y:1250,w:71,h:20},
{t:"grassland, ",p:16,x:1429,y:1250,w:73,h:20},
{t:"expanding ",p:16,x:1516,y:1250,w:78,h:20},
{t:"desertifcation, ",p:16,x:1608,y:1250,w:106,h:20},
{t:"damaged ",p:16,x:1728,y:1250,w:69,h:20},
{t:"biodiversity, and degraded marine ecosystems, including mangroves and ",p:16,x:1267,y:1270,w:531,h:20},
{t:"coral reefs. Climate change is posing a grim and real threat to China’s economy ",p:16,x:1267,y:1290,w:531,h:20},
{t:"and its society, a threat that is likely to continue, turning from bad to worse. ",p:16,x:1267,y:1310,w:531,h:20},
{t:"The Chinese government attaches great importance to climate protection ",p:16,x:1818,y:1130,w:534,h:20},
{t:"and has taken various measures to address this issue. In a period prone to ",p:16,x:1818,y:1150,w:534,h:20},
{t:"contingent, extreme and protracted catastrophes, prevention and mitigation ",p:16,x:1818,y:1170,w:534,h:20},
{t:"are becoming more imperative. It is necessary to actively respond to it, and ",p:16,x:1818,y:1190,w:534,h:20},
{t:"to combat extreme climate disasters, with a robust emergency response ",p:16,x:1818,y:1210,w:534,h:20},
{t:"system and an improved climatic, ecological and environmental protection, ",p:16,x:1818,y:1230,w:534,h:20},
{t:"to enable due contributions to be made towards implementing the “Scientifc ",p:16,x:1818,y:1250,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Development Concept” , towards creating a harmonious society, towards ",p:16,x:1818,y:1270,w:534,h:20},
{t:"better and faster economic development and towards sustainable socio-",p:16,x:1818,y:1290,w:530,h:20},
{t:"economic development in China. ",p:16,x:1818,y:1311,w:232,h:20},
{t:"china",p:16,x:1948,y:72,w:399,h:216},
{t:"climate change and development",p:16,x:1242,y:285,w:1104,h:98},
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{t:"ed ",p:17,x:-59,y:1310,w:21,h:20},
{t:"warmer temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau might further degenerate ",p:17,x:62,y:1130,w:531,h:20},
{t:"the permafrost along its railway, likely destabilizing segments of the rail link.",p:17,x:62,y:1150,w:525,h:20},
{t:"The impacts of climate change on China’s natural and ecological systems—",p:17,x:62,y:1190,w:527,h:20},
{t:"and on its economy and society—are also refected in a number of other ",p:17,x:62,y:1210,w:531,h:20},
{t:"facets. such as the shrinking acreage of lakes, falling water levels, reduced ",p:17,x:62,y:1230,w:531,h:20},
{t:"wetland, ",p:17,x:62,y:1250,w:63,h:20},
{t:"degraded ",p:17,x:140,y:1250,w:71,h:20},
{t:"grassland, ",p:17,x:224,y:1250,w:73,h:20},
{t:"expanding ",p:17,x:311,y:1250,w:78,h:20},
{t:"desertifcation, ",p:17,x:403,y:1250,w:106,h:20},
{t:"damaged ",p:17,x:524,y:1250,w:69,h:20},
{t:"biodiversity, and degraded marine ecosystems, including mangroves and ",p:17,x:62,y:1270,w:531,h:20},
{t:"coral reefs. Climate change is posing a grim and real threat to China’s economy ",p:17,x:62,y:1290,w:531,h:20},
{t:"and its society, a threat that is likely to continue, turning from bad to worse. ",p:17,x:62,y:1310,w:531,h:20},
{t:"The Chinese government attaches great importance to climate protection ",p:17,x:614,y:1130,w:534,h:20},
{t:"and has taken various measures to address this issue. In a period prone to ",p:17,x:614,y:1150,w:534,h:20},
{t:"contingent, extreme and protracted catastrophes, prevention and mitigation ",p:17,x:614,y:1170,w:534,h:20},
{t:"are becoming more imperative. It is necessary to actively respond to it, and ",p:17,x:614,y:1190,w:534,h:20},
{t:"to combat extreme climate disasters, with a robust emergency response ",p:17,x:614,y:1210,w:534,h:20},
{t:"system and an improved climatic, ecological and environmental protection, ",p:17,x:614,y:1230,w:534,h:20},
{t:"to enable due contributions to be made towards implementing the “Scientifc ",p:17,x:614,y:1250,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Development Concept” , towards creating a harmonious society, towards ",p:17,x:614,y:1270,w:534,h:20},
{t:"better and faster economic development and towards sustainable socio-",p:17,x:614,y:1290,w:530,h:20},
{t:"economic development in China. ",p:17,x:614,y:1311,w:232,h:20},
{t:"by Qin Dahe",p:17,x:886,y:404,w:256,h:60},
{t:"china",p:17,x:743,y:72,w:399,h:216},
{t:"climate change and development",p:17,x:37,y:285,w:1104,h:98},
{t:"© China P",p:17,x:1171,y:39,w:0,h:10},
{t:"hot",p:17,x:1171,y:72,w:0,h:10},
{t:"os/S",p:17,x:1171,y:84,w:0,h:10},
{t:"tr",p:17,x:1171,y:99,w:0,h:10},
{t:"inger/G",p:17,x:1171,y:105,w:0,h:10},
{t:"ett",p:17,x:1171,y:131,w:0,h:10},
{t:"y I",p:17,x:1171,y:141,w:0,h:10},
{t:"mages",p:17,x:1171,y:149,w:0,h:10},
{t:"8",p:18,x:60,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:18,x:97,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"South ",p:18,x:60,y:312,w:44,h:20},
{t:"America’s ",p:18,x:114,y:312,w:69,h:20},
{t:"rivers ",p:18,x:192,y:312,w:41,h:20},
{t:"make ",p:18,x:243,y:312,w:41,h:20},
{t:"available ",p:18,x:294,y:312,w:65,h:20},
{t:"35 ",p:18,x:368,y:312,w:20,h:20},
{t:"per ",p:18,x:398,y:312,w:26,h:20},
{t:"cent ",p:18,x:435,y:312,w:33,h:20},
{t:"of ",p:18,x:478,y:312,w:17,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:18,x:505,y:312,w:26,h:20},
{t:"world’s ",p:18,x:541,y:312,w:52,h:20},
{t:"surface water resources. Yet snow and ice ",p:18,x:60,y:332,w:320,h:20},
{t:"still ",p:18,x:385,y:332,w:27,h:20},
{t:"represent an important ",p:18,x:418,y:332,w:175,h:20},
{t:"additional water supply, providing ",p:18,x:60,y:352,w:256,h:20},
{t:"it ",p:18,x:321,y:352,w:12,h:20},
{t:"to mountain valleys and adjacent ",p:18,x:339,y:352,w:254,h:20},
{t:"arid ",p:18,x:60,y:372,w:30,h:20},
{t:"and ",p:18,x:98,y:372,w:30,h:20},
{t:"semiarid ",p:18,x:135,y:372,w:63,h:20},
{t:"regions. ",p:18,x:206,y:372,w:58,h:20},
{t:"Mountain ",p:18,x:272,y:372,w:71,h:20},
{t:"glaciers ",p:18,x:351,y:372,w:56,h:20},
{t:"in ",p:18,x:416,y:372,w:16,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:18,x:440,y:372,w:26,h:20},
{t:"Andes ",p:18,x:474,y:372,w:47,h:20},
{t:"and ",p:18,x:529,y:372,w:30,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:18,x:567,y:372,w:26,h:20},
{t:"Patagonia ",p:18,x:60,y:392,w:73,h:20},
{t:"ice ",p:18,x:140,y:392,w:23,h:20},
{t:"shelf ",p:18,x:170,y:392,w:36,h:20},
{t:"supply ",p:18,x:214,y:392,w:50,h:20},
{t:"water ",p:18,x:271,y:392,w:42,h:20},
{t:"for ",p:18,x:321,y:392,w:22,h:20},
{t:"river ",p:18,x:351,y:392,w:34,h:20},
{t:"fow, ",p:18,x:393,y:392,w:36,h:20},
{t:"lakes ",p:18,x:437,y:392,w:38,h:20},
{t:"and ",p:18,x:482,y:392,w:30,h:20},
{t:"reservoirs.  ",p:18,x:519,y:392,w:74,h:20},
{t:"The ",p:18,x:60,y:412,w:29,h:20},
{t:"rivers ",p:18,x:96,y:412,w:41,h:20},
{t:"fowing ",p:18,x:145,y:412,w:56,h:20},
{t:"to ",p:18,x:208,y:412,w:18,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:18,x:233,y:412,w:26,h:20},
{t:"Pacifc ",p:18,x:267,y:412,w:47,h:20},
{t:"Ocean have ",p:18,x:322,y:412,w:92,h:20},
{t:"a ",p:18,x:421,y:412,w:11,h:20},
{t:"remarkable ",p:18,x:440,y:412,w:82,h:20},
{t:"seasonal ",p:18,x:530,y:412,w:63,h:20},
{t:"regime, ",p:18,x:60,y:432,w:55,h:20},
{t:"fed ",p:18,x:122,y:432,w:25,h:20},
{t:"by snow and ",p:18,x:154,y:432,w:104,h:20},
{t:"ice ",p:18,x:266,y:432,w:23,h:20},
{t:"melt ",p:18,x:296,y:432,w:35,h:20},
{t:"in ",p:18,x:337,y:432,w:16,h:20},
{t:"late ",p:18,x:361,y:432,w:29,h:20},
{t:"spring and summer time.  ",p:18,x:397,y:432,w:197,h:20},
{t:"The dry, desert-like Pacifc coastal landscape extending from the equator to ",p:18,x:60,y:452,w:534,h:20},
{t:"central Chile, and the high plateau of Peru and Bolivia, both depend, in large ",p:18,x:60,y:472,w:533,h:20},
{t:"measure, on snowmelt water.",p:18,x:60,y:492,w:202,h:20},
{t:"At the southernmost tip of South America from 29º south, the dry, arid  ",p:18,x:60,y:532,w:534,h:20},
{t:"conditions are on the eastern side of the Andes, south of the rivers Negro ",p:18,x:60,y:552,w:534,h:20},
{t:"and Colorado. Low precipitation makes its rivers dependent on the melting ",p:18,x:60,y:572,w:534,h:20},
{t:"of glaciers and of the important ice shelf between 48º south and 52º south.  ",p:18,x:60,y:592,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Although ",p:18,x:60,y:612,w:69,h:20},
{t:"precipitation ",p:18,x:140,y:612,w:92,h:20},
{t:"is ",p:18,x:244,y:612,w:14,h:20},
{t:"higher ",p:18,x:269,y:612,w:49,h:20},
{t:"there, ",p:18,x:330,y:612,w:43,h:20},
{t:"snowmelt ",p:18,x:384,y:612,w:72,h:20},
{t:"also ",p:18,x:468,y:612,w:31,h:20},
{t:"contributes ",p:18,x:510,y:612,w:83,h:20},
{t:"to ",p:18,x:60,y:632,w:18,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:18,x:85,y:632,w:26,h:20},
{t:"fow ",p:18,x:118,y:632,w:33,h:20},
{t:"of ",p:18,x:159,y:632,w:17,h:20},
{t:"northern Patagonia’s ",p:18,x:184,y:632,w:154,h:20},
{t:"rivers. ",p:18,x:345,y:632,w:44,h:20},
{t:"The economically wealthy ",p:18,x:396,y:632,w:197,h:20},
{t:"regions of Cuyo, in central western Argentina, and central Chile — home to ",p:18,x:60,y:652,w:534,h:20},
{t:"large urban populations and important agriculture, fruit growing (mainly ",p:18,x:60,y:672,w:534,h:20},
{t:"vineyards), hydroelectricity and industry — also fundamentally depend on ",p:18,x:60,y:692,w:534,h:20},
{t:"the melting of snow and ice. Indeed the ancient inhabitant of the region, the ",p:18,x:60,y:712,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Huarpes, called it Cuyum, meaning ‘Hell’s Desert’ . Human activity there only ",p:18,x:60,y:732,w:534,h:20},
{t:"became feasible when European migrants introduced irrigation, starting the ",p:18,x:60,y:752,w:534,h:20},
{t:"region’s development. ",p:18,x:60,y:772,w:157,h:20},
{t:"The more advanced pre-Colombian ",p:18,x:60,y:812,w:271,h:20},
{t:"civilizations ",p:18,x:338,y:812,w:84,h:20},
{t:"of ",p:18,x:429,y:812,w:17,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:18,x:454,y:812,w:26,h:20},
{t:"Andean ",p:18,x:488,y:812,w:57,h:20},
{t:"inter-",p:18,x:553,y:812,w:37,h:20},
{t:"tropical region, managed their water resources remarkably successfully.  ",p:18,x:60,y:832,w:534,h:20},
{t:"The most developed pre-Inca cultures both complemented reduced and ",p:18,x:60,y:852,w:534,h:20},
{t:"sporadic rainfall water and improved supplies through wise engineering ",p:18,x:60,y:872,w:534,h:20},
{t:"works, such as by the measured distribution of irrigation water and by ",p:18,x:60,y:892,w:534,h:20},
{t:"connecting the Atlantic and Pacifc watersheds — building a 74 kilometre-",p:18,x:60,y:912,w:530,h:20},
{t:"long channel for water transfer some 3,000 metres up in Cumbemayo.",p:18,x:60,y:932,w:481,h:20},
{t:"Climate ",p:18,x:60,y:972,w:56,h:20},
{t:"change ",p:18,x:126,y:972,w:55,h:20},
{t:"is ",p:18,x:191,y:972,w:14,h:20},
{t:"already ",p:18,x:215,y:972,w:54,h:20},
{t:"beginning ",p:18,x:279,y:972,w:75,h:20},
{t:"to ",p:18,x:364,y:972,w:18,h:20},
{t:"have ",p:18,x:392,y:972,w:36,h:20},
{t:"a ",p:18,x:439,y:972,w:11,h:20},
{t:"critical ",p:18,x:460,y:972,w:49,h:20},
{t:"efect ",p:18,x:519,y:972,w:42,h:20},
{t:"on ",p:18,x:572,y:972,w:21,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:18,x:60,y:992,w:26,h:20},
{t:"living ",p:18,x:96,y:992,w:41,h:20},
{t:"conditions ",p:18,x:148,y:992,w:77,h:20},
{t:"of ",p:18,x:235,y:992,w:17,h:20},
{t:"Andes ",p:18,x:262,y:992,w:47,h:20},
{t:"indigenous ",p:18,x:319,y:992,w:81,h:20},
{t:"communities, ",p:18,x:411,y:992,w:97,h:20},
{t:"on ",p:18,x:519,y:992,w:21,h:20},
{t:"water ",p:18,x:551,y:992,w:42,h:20},
{t:"dependent human activities, and on natural ecosystems. The availability ",p:18,x:60,y:1012,w:534,h:20},
{t:"of meltwater will increasingly diminish, damaging sustainable development. ",p:18,x:60,y:1032,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Recent studies show that the Peruvian glaciers may disappear altogether  ",p:18,x:60,y:1052,w:534,h:20},
{t:"in the coming decades.",p:18,x:60,y:1072,w:160,h:20},
{t:"The rapid retreat of the inter-tropical Andean glaciers brings further dangers ",p:18,x:60,y:1112,w:534,h:20},
{t:"to local people, and particularly to the indigenous communities of the ",p:18,x:60,y:1132,w:534,h:20},
{t:"high plateaus of Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru, from avalanches and glacier ",p:18,x:60,y:1152,w:534,h:20},
{t:"lake outburst foods. Peru’s 19 glaciated mountain ranges contain more ",p:18,x:60,y:1172,w:534,h:20},
{t:"than a half the world’s tropical glaciers, mostly in the Cordillera Blanca. ",p:18,x:60,y:1192,w:534,h:20},
{t:"This danger is much less great further south, in the Patagonian Andes, where ",p:18,x:60,y:1212,w:534,h:20},
{t:"the retreat is taking much longer; though the shrinking of the glaciers is still ",p:18,x:60,y:1232,w:534,h:20},
{t:"important there, it does not bring similar hazards and risks.",p:18,x:60,y:1252,w:406,h:20},
{t:"The best possible use of the resources and potential energy in the large ",p:18,x:60,y:1292,w:534,h:20},
{t:"amount of water ",p:18,x:60,y:1312,w:129,h:20},
{t:"still ",p:18,x:194,y:1312,w:27,h:20},
{t:"enclosed in the southernmost glaciers would be ",p:18,x:226,y:1312,w:367,h:20},
{t:"to enable the relocation of productive systems to the more than a half ",p:18,x:614,y:1152,w:533,h:20},
{t:"million square kilometres of the semiarid Patagonian plateau. This would ",p:18,x:614,y:1172,w:533,h:20},
{t:"call ",p:18,x:614,y:1192,w:26,h:20},
{t:"for conserving the valuable biological diversity of the ",p:18,x:646,y:1192,w:410,h:20},
{t:"region and ",p:18,x:1062,y:1192,w:84,h:20},
{t:"developing appropriate technology, and for the wise and rational use of ",p:18,x:614,y:1212,w:533,h:20},
{t:"the large quantities of both surface and underground water resulting from ",p:18,x:614,y:1232,w:533,h:20},
{t:"the glaciers’ retreat. It can draw on the experience of the agro-industrial ",p:18,x:614,y:1252,w:533,h:20},
{t:"use of the upper basin of the Rio Negro, which, starting in the 1930s, ",p:18,x:614,y:1272,w:533,h:20},
{t:"made possible its transformation to the remarkable exporter of fruit and ",p:18,x:614,y:1292,w:533,h:20},
{t:"wines that it is today. Grain crops, which will sufer decreases in yields in ",p:18,x:614,y:1312,w:533,h:20},
{t:"Argentina’s northern agricultural felds, could be relocated, with planned ",p:18,x:1264,y:1152,w:534,h:20},
{t:"adaptation, to the Rio Negro’s lower basin and to irrigated lands in other ",p:18,x:1264,y:1172,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Patagonian sub-regions. The Institute for the Development of the Lower ",p:18,x:1264,y:1192,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Basin of the Rio Negro is already developing the necessary feasibility studies. ",p:18,x:1264,y:1212,w:534,h:20},
{t:"The energy for such an undertaking may be provided by local hydroelectric ",p:18,x:1264,y:1232,w:534,h:20},
{t:"plants and by the steady westerly winds, already under initial exploitation.",p:18,x:1264,y:1252,w:511,h:20},
{t:"El Niño events will bring important snow mass to the Andes below 29º south. ",p:18,x:1264,y:1292,w:534,h:20},
{t:"So there must be planned use of meltwater, a selection of plant species better ",p:18,x:1264,y:1312,w:534,h:20},
{t:"snow, ",p:18,x:47,y:48,w:499,h:216},
{t:"ice and ",p:18,x:487,y:48,w:577,h:216},
{t:"life",p:18,x:1004,y:48,w:197,h:216},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:19,x:842,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
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{t:"half ",p:19,x:-60,y:1152,w:29,h:20},
{t:"million ",p:19,x:-542,y:1172,w:51,h:20},
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{t:"eloping ",p:19,x:-511,y:1212,w:56,h:20},
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{t:"opr",p:19,x:-453,y:1212,w:24,h:20},
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{t:"and ",p:19,x:-300,y:1212,w:30,h:20},
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{t:"or ",p:19,x:-274,y:1212,w:18,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:19,x:-244,y:1212,w:26,h:20},
{t:"wise and ",p:19,x:-206,y:1212,w:63,h:20},
{t:"ra",p:19,x:-165,y:1212,w:13,h:20},
{t:"tional ",p:19,x:-112,y:1212,w:43,h:20},
{t:"use ",p:19,x:-81,y:1212,w:27,h:20},
{t:"of ",p:19,x:-60,y:1212,w:17,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:19,x:-567,y:1232,w:26,h:20},
{t:"lar ge ",p:19,x:-550,y:1232,w:44,h:20},
{t:"quan",p:19,x:-495,y:1232,w:35,h:20},
{t:"tities ",p:19,x:-452,y:1232,w:37,h:20},
{t:"of ",p:19,x:-433,y:1232,w:17,h:20},
{t:"both ",p:19,x:-395,y:1232,w:36,h:20},
{t:"surfac e ",p:19,x:-374,y:1232,w:46,h:20},
{t:"and ",p:19,x:-308,y:1232,w:30,h:20},
{t:"under",p:19,x:-266,y:1232,w:41,h:20},
{t:"gr",p:19,x:-261,y:1232,w:14,h:20},
{t:"ound ",p:19,x:-210,y:1232,w:40,h:20},
{t:"wat",p:19,x:-205,y:1232,w:25,h:20},
{t:"er ",p:19,x:-165,y:1232,w:17,h:20},
{t:"r",p:19,x:-160,y:1232,w:5,h:20},
{t:"esulting ",p:19,x:-99,y:1232,w:59,h:20},
{t:"fr",p:19,x:-89,y:1232,w:10,h:20},
{t:"om ",p:19,x:-60,y:1232,w:26,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:19,x:-567,y:1252,w:26,h:20},
{t:"glaciers",p:19,x:-514,y:1252,w:53,h:20},
{t:"’",p:19,x:-507,y:1252,w:3,h:20},
{t:"r",p:19,x:-499,y:1252,w:5,h:20},
{t:"etr ea",p:19,x:-479,y:1252,w:30,h:20},
{t:"t . I",p:19,x:-458,y:1252,w:19,h:20},
{t:"t ",p:19,x:-432,y:1252,w:9,h:20},
{t:"can ",p:19,x:-401,y:1252,w:28,h:20},
{t:"dr",p:19,x:-384,y:1252,w:14,h:20},
{t:"a",p:19,x:-379,y:1252,w:8,h:20},
{t:"w ",p:19,x:-359,y:1252,w:15,h:20},
{t:"on ",p:19,x:-334,y:1252,w:21,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:19,x:-304,y:1252,w:26,h:20},
{t:"e",p:19,x:-297,y:1252,w:8,h:20},
{t:"xper ienc",p:19,x:-263,y:1252,w:55,h:20},
{t:"e ",p:19,x:-220,y:1252,w:11,h:20},
{t:"of ",p:19,x:-200,y:1252,w:17,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:19,x:-170,y:1252,w:26,h:20},
{t:"ag",p:19,x:-155,y:1252,w:17,h:20},
{t:"ro",p:19,x:-146,y:1252,w:14,h:20},
{t:"-industr",p:19,x:-82,y:1252,w:54,h:20},
{t:"ial ",p:19,x:-61,y:1252,w:19,h:20},
{t:"use of ",p:19,x:-566,y:1272,w:39,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:19,x:-513,y:1272,w:26,h:20},
{t:"upper basin ",p:19,x:-463,y:1272,w:86,h:20},
{t:"of ",p:19,x:-396,y:1272,w:17,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:19,x:-365,y:1272,w:26,h:20},
{t:"R",p:19,x:-357,y:1272,w:8,h:20},
{t:"io ",p:19,x:-334,y:1272,w:16,h:20},
{t:"Neg",p:19,x:-307,y:1272,w:28,h:20},
{t:"ro , ",p:19,x:-298,y:1272,w:24,h:20},
{t:"which, ",p:19,x:-227,y:1272,w:49,h:20},
{t:"star",p:19,x:-199,y:1272,w:25,h:20},
{t:"ting ",p:19,x:-165,y:1272,w:31,h:20},
{t:"in ",p:19,x:-144,y:1272,w:16,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:19,x:-113,y:1272,w:26,h:20},
{t:"1930s",p:19,x:-70,y:1272,w:40,h:20},
{t:", ",p:19,x:-61,y:1272,w:6,h:20},
{t:"made ",p:19,x:-550,y:1292,w:43,h:20},
{t:"possible ",p:19,x:-486,y:1292,w:61,h:20},
{t:"its ",p:19,x:-464,y:1292,w:19,h:20},
{t:"tr",p:19,x:-451,y:1292,w:10,h:20},
{t:"ansf",p:19,x:-422,y:1292,w:28,h:20},
{t:"or ma",p:19,x:-408,y:1292,w:41,h:20},
{t:"tion ",p:19,x:-353,y:1292,w:31,h:20},
{t:"t",p:19,x:-346,y:1292,w:5,h:20},
{t:"o ",p:19,x:-332,y:1292,w:12,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:19,x:-302,y:1292,w:26,h:20},
{t:"r",p:19,x:-295,y:1292,w:5,h:20},
{t:"emar",p:19,x:-260,y:1292,w:35,h:20},
{t:"k",p:19,x:-254,y:1292,w:7,h:20},
{t:"able ",p:19,x:-216,y:1292,w:33,h:20},
{t:"e",p:19,x:-210,y:1292,w:8,h:20},
{t:"xpor",p:19,x:-175,y:1292,w:31,h:20},
{t:"t",p:19,x:-169,y:1292,w:5,h:20},
{t:"er of ",p:19,x:-150,y:1292,w:38,h:20},
{t:"fruit and ",p:19,x:-94,y:1292,w:63,h:20},
{t:"wines ",p:19,x:-550,y:1312,w:43,h:20},
{t:"tha",p:19,x:-529,y:1312,w:22,h:20},
{t:"t ",p:19,x:-515,y:1312,w:9,h:20},
{t:"it is ",p:19,x:-500,y:1312,w:30,h:20},
{t:"t",p:19,x:-477,y:1312,w:5,h:20},
{t:"oda",p:19,x:-453,y:1312,w:26,h:20},
{t:"y . ",p:19,x:-445,y:1312,w:17,h:20},
{t:"Gr",p:19,x:-417,y:1312,w:16,h:20},
{t:"ain ",p:19,x:-391,y:1312,w:24,h:20},
{t:"cr",p:19,x:-377,y:1312,w:12,h:20},
{t:"ops",p:19,x:-353,y:1312,w:25,h:20},
{t:", ",p:19,x:-344,y:1312,w:6,h:20},
{t:"which ",p:19,x:-295,y:1312,w:45,h:20},
{t:"will ",p:19,x:-265,y:1312,w:27,h:20},
{t:"sufer ",p:19,x:-243,y:1312,w:40,h:20},
{t:"decr",p:19,x:-188,y:1312,w:30,h:20},
{t:"eases ",p:19,x:-145,y:1312,w:41,h:20},
{t:"in ",p:19,x:-126,y:1312,w:16,h:20},
{t:"yields ",p:19,x:-80,y:1312,w:43,h:20},
{t:"in ",p:19,x:-60,y:1312,w:16,h:20},
{t:"Argentina’s northern agricultural felds, could be relocated, with planned ",p:19,x:59,y:1152,w:534,h:20},
{t:"adaptation, to the Rio Negro’s lower basin and to irrigated lands in other ",p:19,x:59,y:1172,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Patagonian sub-regions. The Institute for the Development of the Lower ",p:19,x:59,y:1192,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Basin of the Rio Negro is already developing the necessary feasibility studies. ",p:19,x:59,y:1212,w:534,h:20},
{t:"The energy for such an undertaking may be provided by local hydroelectric ",p:19,x:59,y:1232,w:534,h:20},
{t:"plants and by the steady westerly winds, already under initial exploitation.",p:19,x:59,y:1252,w:511,h:20},
{t:"El Niño events will bring important snow mass to the Andes below 29º south. ",p:19,x:59,y:1292,w:534,h:20},
{t:"So there must be planned use of meltwater, a selection of plant species better ",p:19,x:59,y:1312,w:534,h:20},
{t:"adapted to the new Patagonia climate, development based on integrated ",p:19,x:614,y:311,w:534,h:20},
{t:"water management and appropriate soil studies and farming techniques to ",p:19,x:614,y:331,w:534,h:20},
{t:"make the best use of the potential of this remote region of the world.",p:19,x:614,y:351,w:476,h:20},
{t:"All this must be complemented with action based on the new climate ",p:19,x:614,y:391,w:534,h:20},
{t:"conditions that will prevail in the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic. Both ",p:19,x:614,y:411,w:534,h:20},
{t:"are also subject to the efects of climate change, with critical implications ",p:19,x:614,y:431,w:534,h:20},
{t:"for the natural ecosystems on which the future of many species depends. ",p:19,x:614,y:451,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Environmental changes are already evident and will have severe implications ",p:19,x:614,y:471,w:534,h:20},
{t:"on the food chain, based on phytoplankton.",p:19,x:614,y:491,w:303,h:20},
{t:"The abundance of krill depends on sea temperature and the availability of ",p:19,x:614,y:531,w:534,h:20},
{t:"phytoplankton. Global warming may reduce krill production, cutting food ",p:19,x:614,y:551,w:534,h:20},
{t:"supplies for ",p:19,x:614,y:571,w:87,h:20},
{t:"fsh, marine mammals, sea birds and other marine species. ",p:19,x:712,y:571,w:435,h:20},
{t:"The fsheries of the Southern Ocean form an important part of global food ",p:19,x:614,y:591,w:534,h:20},
{t:"production, so specifc ",p:19,x:614,y:611,w:171,h:20},
{t:"research programmes and appropriate capacity ",p:19,x:792,y:611,w:356,h:20},
{t:"building are urgently required, as are adequate regulations to protect life in ",p:19,x:614,y:631,w:534,h:20},
{t:"the seas.",p:19,x:614,y:651,w:59,h:20},
{t:"As the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stresses, it is urgent ",p:19,x:614,y:691,w:534,h:20},
{t:"both to mitigate the continuous increase in the greenhouse concentration  ",p:19,x:614,y:711,w:534,h:20},
{t:"in the atmosphere and to develop adaptation strategies to cope with the ",p:19,x:614,y:731,w:534,h:20},
{t:"efects of climate change. Every possible action must be planned and  ",p:19,x:614,y:751,w:534,h:20},
{t:"developed to protect the Earth’s natural ecosystems. South America’s glaciers ",p:19,x:614,y:771,w:534,h:20},
{t:"present the need for governments and private enterprises to take immediate ",p:19,x:614,y:791,w:534,h:20},
{t:"action. The hazards and risks to the populations still depending on snowmelt ",p:19,x:614,y:811,w:534,h:20},
{t:"— and currently sufering the efects of the rapid retreat of their mountain ",p:19,x:614,y:831,w:534,h:20},
{t:"glaciers — must be urgently mitigated. At the same time, it will be convenient ",p:19,x:614,y:851,w:534,h:20},
{t:"to take advantage of the favourable water availability which, for a century or ",p:19,x:614,y:871,w:534,h:20},
{t:"more, would beneft the Patagonian plateau.",p:19,x:614,y:891,w:308,h:20},
{t:"Swift action is urgently needed to protect the life and goods of those already ",p:19,x:614,y:931,w:534,h:20},
{t:"exposed to the disastrous efects of avalanches and glacier lake outbursts, and ",p:19,x:614,y:951,w:534,h:20},
{t:"to plan for the use of glacier water resources before they eventually disappear ",p:19,x:614,y:971,w:534,h:20},
{t:"in the south of the continent. This, in turn, calls for developing appropriate ",p:19,x:614,y:991,w:534,h:20},
{t:"national plans for assessing local climate conditions, now and in the future, ",p:19,x:614,y:1011,w:534,h:20},
{t:"for using land and water and for programming the relocation of species worst ",p:19,x:614,y:1031,w:534,h:20},
{t:"afected by the warming in their present habitats. ",p:19,x:614,y:1051,w:345,h:20},
{t:"Adaptation ",p:19,x:614,y:1091,w:81,h:20},
{t:"presents ",p:19,x:703,y:1091,w:62,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:19,x:774,y:1091,w:26,h:20},
{t:"most ",p:19,x:808,y:1091,w:38,h:20},
{t:"immediate ",p:19,x:855,y:1091,w:78,h:20},
{t:"challenge ",p:19,x:941,y:1091,w:71,h:20},
{t:"for ",p:19,x:1021,y:1091,w:22,h:20},
{t:"governments ",p:19,x:1051,y:1091,w:96,h:20},
{t:"and private enterprises planning ",p:19,x:614,y:1111,w:247,h:20},
{t:"for ",p:19,x:868,y:1111,w:22,h:20},
{t:"Argentina and Chile’s sustainable ",p:19,x:897,y:1111,w:250,h:20},
{t:"development. Well-planned, it would enable the best possible use of this ",p:19,x:614,y:1131,w:534,h:20},
{t:"century’s most critical resource — water — safeguarding food production by ",p:19,x:614,y:1151,w:534,h:20},
{t:"wisely analyzing snow/ice meltwater productivity. Scientists may be able to ",p:19,x:614,y:1171,w:534,h:20},
{t:"foresee such new environmental scenarios, but decision makers must bring ",p:19,x:614,y:1191,w:534,h:20},
{t:"them into implementation.",p:19,x:614,y:1211,w:187,h:20},
{t:"World Environment Day’s goal must be not merely to describe the difculties ",p:19,x:614,y:1251,w:534,h:20},
{t:"arising from the Earth’s warming and the consequent loss of its ice and snow. ",p:19,x:614,y:1271,w:534,h:20},
{t:"It must also draw up the lines for future action on a planet travelling to a new ",p:19,x:614,y:1291,w:534,h:20},
{t:"global climate system. ",p:19,x:614,y:1312,w:157,h:20},
{t:"snow, ",p:19,x:-1156,y:48,w:499,h:216},
{t:"ice and ",p:19,x:-717,y:48,w:577,h:216},
{t:"life",p:19,x:-200,y:48,w:198,h:216},
{t:"by Susana Bischof, ",p:19,x:60,y:127,w:405,h:60},
{t:"Graciela Canziani and Patricia Centurión ",p:19,x:60,y:177,w:838,h:60},
{t:"© M",p:19,x:557,y:333,w:0,h:10},
{t:"ichael O",p:19,x:557,y:347,w:0,h:10},
{t:"chs A",p:19,x:557,y:375,w:0,h:10},
{t:"r",p:19,x:557,y:393,w:0,h:10},
{t:"chiv",p:19,x:557,y:396,w:0,h:10},
{t:"es/C",p:19,x:557,y:410,w:0,h:10},
{t:"or",p:19,x:557,y:425,w:0,h:10},
{t:"bis",p:19,x:557,y:433,w:0,h:10},
{t:"20",p:20,x:60,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:20,x:97,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"mountain tsunamis",p:20,x:50,y:53,w:1428,h:216},
{t:"The glaciers of the Himalayas, stretching 4,000 kilometres from Afghanistan ",p:20,x:62,y:400,w:527,h:20},
{t:"in the west to China and Myanmar in the east, are a source of life for hundreds ",p:20,x:62,y:419,w:528,h:20},
{t:"of millions of people living in the mountainous region and its adjoining ",p:20,x:62,y:439,w:527,h:20},
{t:"plains. The world’s loftiest mountain chain — its name is a combination of ",p:20,x:62,y:458,w:527,h:20},
{t:"two Sanskrit words ‘hima’ (snow) and ‘alaya’ (abode) — boasts more than ",p:20,x:62,y:478,w:528,h:20},
{t:"30 peaks above 7,600 metres and has the largest concentration of glaciers ",p:20,x:62,y:497,w:528,h:20},
{t:"outside the poles. Nature’s ",p:20,x:62,y:517,w:202,h:20},
{t:"renewable storehouse of ",p:20,x:270,y:517,w:186,h:20},
{t:"fresh water, they ",p:20,x:462,y:517,w:128,h:20},
{t:"provide the headwaters for major river systems throughout Asia. Like other ",p:20,x:62,y:536,w:527,h:20},
{t:"glaciers around the world, they also provide a unique medium for scientifc ",p:20,x:62,y:556,w:528,h:20},
{t:"exploration and for studies of the complex climate system.",p:20,x:62,y:575,w:403,h:20},
{t:"Glaciers worldwide are retreating in the face of accelerating global warming, ",p:20,x:62,y:624,w:527,h:20},
{t:"as human activities cause steadily increasing concentrations of greenhouse ",p:20,x:62,y:643,w:527,h:20},
{t:"gases in the atmosphere: their melting is an important indicator of climate ",p:20,x:62,y:663,w:527,h:20},
{t:"change. By one forecast, up to a quarter of the global mountain glacier mass ",p:20,x:62,y:682,w:527,h:20},
{t:"could disappear by 2050, and up to half could be lost by 2100. Changes ",p:20,x:62,y:702,w:528,h:20},
{t:"in ",p:20,x:62,y:721,w:16,h:20},
{t:"temperature are more pronounced at higher altitudes, and several ",p:20,x:85,y:721,w:505,h:20},
{t:"studies have revealed that the Himalayan glaciers have been melting at ",p:20,x:62,y:741,w:527,h:20},
{t:"an unprecedented rate in recent decades. This will cause major changes in ",p:20,x:62,y:760,w:527,h:20},
{t:"freshwater fow regimes and thus have dramatic impacts on drinking water ",p:20,x:62,y:780,w:528,h:20},
{t:"supply, biodiversity, hydropower, industry, agriculture and livelihoods. ",p:20,x:62,y:799,w:487,h:20},
{t:"Important baseline ",p:20,x:62,y:848,w:142,h:20},
{t:"information ",p:20,x:212,y:848,w:85,h:20},
{t:"on ",p:20,x:305,y:848,w:21,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:20,x:334,y:848,w:26,h:20},
{t:"Himalayan glaciers has been ",p:20,x:368,y:848,w:221,h:20},
{t:"documented by a study for the global change research programme by the ",p:20,x:62,y:867,w:527,h:20},
{t:"International Centre on ",p:20,x:62,y:887,w:174,h:20},
{t:"Integrated Mountain Development ",p:20,x:242,y:887,w:255,h:20},
{t:"(ICIMOD) ",p:20,x:502,y:887,w:66,h:20},
{t:"in ",p:20,x:574,y:887,w:16,h:20},
{t:"partnership with UNEP and the Asia Pacifc Network, and in close collaboration ",p:20,x:62,y:906,w:527,h:20},
{t:"with national partner organisations. This identifed some 15,000 glaciers ",p:20,x:62,y:926,w:527,h:20},
{t:"covering a total area of 33,340 square kilometres in Bhutan, Nepal and Pakistan ",p:20,x:62,y:945,w:527,h:20},
{t:"and selected river basins in China and India. Observations of individual ",p:20,x:62,y:965,w:527,h:20},
{t:"glaciers indicate that, in some cases, rates of retreat have doubled since the ",p:20,x:62,y:984,w:527,h:20},
{t:"early 1970s, though they vary from basin to basin. The release of studies ",p:20,x:62,y:1004,w:527,h:20},
{t:"on Bhutan and Nepal in 2001 signifcantly raised the global community’s ",p:20,x:62,y:1023,w:527,h:20},
{t:"awareness about what is taking place and the resulting impacts.",p:20,x:62,y:1043,w:441,h:20},
{t:"A long-term Chinese Academy of Sciences study ",p:20,x:62,y:1091,w:369,h:20},
{t:"‘ The ",p:20,x:436,y:1091,w:33,h:20},
{t:"Chinese Glacier ",p:20,x:475,y:1091,w:115,h:20},
{t:"Inventory’ reported a 5.5 per cent shrinkage in the volume of the country’s ",p:20,x:62,y:1111,w:527,h:20},
{t:"46,928 glaciers over the last 24 years — equivalent to losing more than ",p:20,x:62,y:1130,w:527,h:20},
{t:"3,000 square kilometres of ice. It predicted that, two-thirds would disappear ",p:20,x:62,y:1150,w:527,h:20},
{t:"by 2050, and almost all would be gone by 2100 if the climate continues to ",p:20,x:62,y:1169,w:527,h:20},
{t:"change at the present rate. Meanwhile an ICIMOD study found that the area ",p:20,x:62,y:1189,w:527,h:20},
{t:"of glaciers in the Poiqu basin of Tibet Autonomous Region had decreased by ",p:20,x:615,y:400,w:532,h:20},
{t:"over 5 per cent between 1988 and 2000: in some cases they retreated by over ",p:20,x:615,y:420,w:532,h:20},
{t:"50 metres a year. Similarly, the Gangotri Glacier snout in the Indian Himalaya ",p:20,x:615,y:439,w:532,h:20},
{t:"moved about two kilometres uphill between 1780 to 2001 and its retreat is ",p:20,x:615,y:459,w:532,h:20},
{t:"continuing at an alarming rate. And in Bhutan, comparing 66 glaciers on a ",p:20,x:615,y:478,w:532,h:20},
{t:"1963 map with a 1993 satellite image revealed that they had shrunk by 8.1 ",p:20,x:615,y:498,w:532,h:20},
{t:"per cent, with some small ones disappearing completely. ",p:20,x:615,y:517,w:395,h:20},
{t:"As glaciers retreat, lakes form behind their newly exposed terminal moraines ",p:20,x:615,y:566,w:532,h:20},
{t:"Most of the glacial lakes in the Himalayas have appeared within the last ",p:20,x:615,y:585,w:532,h:20},
{t:"fve decades. They can grow startlingly quickly: the ",p:20,x:615,y:605,w:382,h:20},
{t:"Imja Tsho and Tsho ",p:20,x:1001,y:605,w:146,h:20},
{t:"Rolpa glacial lakes in Nepal are respectively expanding by about 41 metres ",p:20,x:615,y:624,w:532,h:20},
{t:"and 66 metres a year. Such a rapid accumulation of water can lead to sudden ",p:20,x:615,y:644,w:532,h:20},
{t:"breaching of their unstable natural dams. Huge amounts of water and debris ",p:20,x:615,y:663,w:532,h:20},
{t:"are then released, in what are known as a Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) ",p:20,x:615,y:683,w:532,h:20},
{t:"Some of these have already been reported in the region; in 1985, one from ",p:20,x:615,y:702,w:532,h:20},
{t:"the Dig Tsho Lake in the Everest National Park in Nepal killed several people ",p:20,x:615,y:722,w:532,h:20},
{t:"and destroyed trails, bridges, houses, arable land and a nearly completed ",p:20,x:615,y:741,w:532,h:20},
{t:"hydropower plant. Future foods ",p:20,x:615,y:761,w:249,h:20},
{t:"could ",p:20,x:872,y:761,w:42,h:20},
{t:"have ",p:20,x:922,y:761,w:36,h:20},
{t:"even ",p:20,x:966,y:761,w:37,h:20},
{t:"more ",p:20,x:1011,y:761,w:40,h:20},
{t:"catastrophic  ",p:20,x:1059,y:761,w:89,h:20},
{t:"efects, becoming ",p:20,x:615,y:780,w:125,h:20},
{t:"‘mountain tsunamis’ that put millions of people downstream ",p:20,x:738,y:780,w:410,h:20},
{t:"at risk.",p:20,x:615,y:800,w:44,h:20},
{t:"Monitoring Himalayan glaciers using conventional methods is difcult and ",p:20,x:615,y:848,w:532,h:20},
{t:"challenging because of their inaccessibility, the high rugged terrain and ",p:20,x:615,y:868,w:532,h:20},
{t:"the harsh climatic conditions. The size and remoteness of most mountain ",p:20,x:615,y:887,w:532,h:20},
{t:"glaciers ensures that monitoring and assessing them ",p:20,x:615,y:907,w:401,h:20},
{t:"relies heavily on ",p:20,x:1022,y:907,w:125,h:20},
{t:"satellite techniques. Concerted eforts are needed continuously to monitor ",p:20,x:615,y:926,w:532,h:20},
{t:"glaciers, to mitigate the dangers from them, and to provide an early warning ",p:20,x:615,y:946,w:532,h:20},
{t:"system of potential GLOFs. As GLOF disasters often cross boundaries, regional ",p:20,x:615,y:965,w:532,h:20},
{t:"cooperation is needed to formulate a coordinated strategy to deal efectively ",p:20,x:615,y:985,w:532,h:20},
{t:"both with them and with water management issues.",p:20,x:615,y:1004,w:361,h:20},
{t:"Himalayan glaciers are an inherent part of the region’s life support system ",p:20,x:615,y:1053,w:532,h:20},
{t:"and their retreat provides compelling evidence of the need to act urgently ",p:20,x:615,y:1072,w:532,h:20},
{t:"on the pressing issues of global climate change. It may be difcult to predict ",p:20,x:615,y:1092,w:532,h:20},
{t:"exactly how they will melt in future, but it is clear that it is time to get our ",p:20,x:615,y:1111,w:532,h:20},
{t:"act together to avoid the most damaging consequences. Immediate action ",p:20,x:615,y:1131,w:532,h:20},
{t:"is needed by the international community to safeguard the precious natural ",p:20,x:615,y:1150,w:532,h:20},
{t:"resources of this relatively unexplored — yet one of the most spectacular ",p:20,x:615,y:1170,w:532,h:20},
{t:"— regions of the world. ",p:20,x:615,y:1191,w:166,h:20},
{t:"20",p:20,x:60,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:20,x:97,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"by Basanta Shrestha",p:20,x:56,y:288,w:417,h:60},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:21,x:842,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"2",p:21,x:1134,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"mountain tsunamis",p:21,x:-1154,y:53,w:1428,h:216},
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{t:"t",p:21,x:1171,y:50,w:0,h:10},
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{t:"mages ",p:21,x:1171,y:136,w:0,h:10},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:21,x:842,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"2",p:21,x:1134,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"action ",p:22,x:55,y:24,w:504,h:204},
{t:"works",p:22,x:55,y:197,w:432,h:204},
{t:"A recent article published by a team of atmospheric ",p:22,x:60,y:584,w:372,h:20},
{t:"scientists showed that actions ",p:22,x:60,y:604,w:227,h:20},
{t:"resulting ",p:22,x:293,y:604,w:64,h:20},
{t:"from the ",p:22,x:363,y:604,w:69,h:20},
{t:"1987 Montreal Protocol treaty have had a signifcant ",p:22,x:60,y:624,w:372,h:20},
{t:"impact on protecting the earth’s climate as well as ",p:22,x:60,y:644,w:372,h:20},
{t:"protecting the ozone layer.  The scientists conclude ",p:22,x:60,y:664,w:372,h:20},
{t:"that reductions in ozone-depleting emissions, such as ",p:22,x:60,y:684,w:372,h:20},
{t:"chlorofuorocarbon compounds (CFCs), has ofset 10 ",p:22,x:60,y:704,w:372,h:20},
{t:"years of carbon dioxide emissions.",p:22,x:60,y:724,w:236,h:20},
{t:"This is good news for several reasons. First it shows that ",p:22,x:60,y:764,w:372,h:20},
{t:"the international community did the right thing when ",p:22,x:60,y:784,w:372,h:20},
{t:"it took action on CFCs.  But even more importantly, ",p:22,x:60,y:804,w:372,h:20},
{t:"it demonstrates that we can take concrete action on ",p:22,x:60,y:824,w:372,h:20},
{t:"climate change, and that action works.",p:22,x:60,y:844,w:266,h:20},
{t:"The challenge of global warming today is every bit as ",p:22,x:60,y:884,w:372,h:20},
{t:"serious, but far more complex, than the ozone issue ",p:22,x:60,y:904,w:372,h:20},
{t:"that confronted the framers of the Montreal Protocol. ",p:22,x:60,y:924,w:372,h:20},
{t:"The need for concrete global action is also just as ",p:22,x:60,y:944,w:372,h:20},
{t:"imperative ",p:22,x:60,y:964,w:78,h:20},
{t:"— ",p:22,x:143,y:964,w:20,h:20},
{t:"perhaps more so because we now ",p:22,x:168,y:964,w:264,h:20},
{t:"know that action works.  We need to work together ",p:22,x:60,y:984,w:372,h:20},
{t:"to develop a meaningful and coordinated global ",p:22,x:60,y:1004,w:372,h:20},
{t:"approach. We strongly believe in the principles outlined ",p:22,x:60,y:1024,w:372,h:20},
{t:"by the Global Roundtable on Climate Change and the ",p:22,x:60,y:1044,w:372,h:20},
{t:"U.S. Climate Action Partnership, two coalitions that ",p:22,x:60,y:1064,w:372,h:20},
{t:"have recently outlined policy frameworks to address ",p:22,x:60,y:1084,w:372,h:20},
{t:"climate change. We encourage other organizations to ",p:22,x:60,y:1104,w:372,h:20},
{t:"support these eforts to advance global action.",p:22,x:60,y:1124,w:323,h:20},
{t:"DuPont ",p:22,x:60,y:1164,w:56,h:20},
{t:"has ",p:22,x:124,y:1164,w:27,h:20},
{t:"been ",p:22,x:159,y:1164,w:38,h:20},
{t:"acting ",p:22,x:206,y:1164,w:47,h:20},
{t:"to ",p:22,x:261,y:1164,w:18,h:20},
{t:"reduce ",p:22,x:287,y:1164,w:51,h:20},
{t:"greenhouse ",p:22,x:346,y:1164,w:86,h:20},
{t:"gas emissions at ",p:22,x:60,y:1184,w:126,h:20},
{t:"its ",p:22,x:191,y:1184,w:19,h:20},
{t:"operations around the world ",p:22,x:215,y:1184,w:217,h:20},
{t:"for ",p:22,x:60,y:1204,w:22,h:20},
{t:"nearly 20 years. ",p:22,x:88,y:1204,w:122,h:20},
{t:"It ",p:22,x:226,y:1204,w:13,h:20},
{t:"has ",p:22,x:245,y:1204,w:27,h:20},
{t:"reduced greenhouse ",p:22,x:279,y:1204,w:153,h:20},
{t:"gas emissions more than 70 per cent since 1991, ",p:22,x:60,y:1224,w:372,h:20},
{t:"realizing more than US$3 billion in avoided energy ",p:22,x:60,y:1244,w:372,h:20},
{t:"costs.  Now we have established our own ambitious ",p:22,x:60,y:1264,w:372,h:20},
{t:"sustainability ",p:22,x:60,y:1284,w:95,h:20},
{t:"goals ",p:22,x:162,y:1284,w:40,h:20},
{t:"that ",p:22,x:210,y:1284,w:31,h:20},
{t:"focus ",p:22,x:249,y:1284,w:40,h:20},
{t:"on ",p:22,x:297,y:1284,w:21,h:20},
{t:"further ",p:22,x:326,y:1284,w:51,h:20},
{t:"global ",p:22,x:385,y:1284,w:47,h:20},
{t:"greenhouse ",p:22,x:60,y:1304,w:86,h:20},
{t:"gas ",p:22,x:154,y:1304,w:27,h:20},
{t:"emission ",p:22,x:189,y:1304,w:65,h:20},
{t:"reductions ",p:22,x:263,y:1304,w:77,h:20},
{t:"as ",p:22,x:348,y:1304,w:18,h:20},
{t:"well ",p:22,x:374,y:1304,w:31,h:20},
{t:"as ",p:22,x:414,y:1304,w:18,h:20},
{t:"delivering new, efcient technologies and products ",p:22,x:60,y:1324,w:372,h:20},
{t:"to the marketplace. With them, we have broadened ",p:22,x:449,y:584,w:372,h:20},
{t:"our sustainability commitments beyond our own ",p:22,x:449,y:604,w:372,h:20},
{t:"environmental footprint reduction to include market-",p:22,x:449,y:624,w:369,h:20},
{t:"driven targets for both product revenue and research ",p:22,x:449,y:644,w:372,h:20},
{t:"and development investment that are tied directly to ",p:22,x:449,y:664,w:372,h:20},
{t:"business growth — specifcally to the development ",p:22,x:449,y:684,w:372,h:20},
{t:"of safer and environmentally improved products for ",p:22,x:449,y:704,w:372,h:20},
{t:"global markets. ",p:22,x:449,y:724,w:109,h:20},
{t:"We are developing advanced, high-performance fuels ",p:22,x:449,y:764,w:372,h:20},
{t:"and other bio-based energy alternatives to expand ",p:22,x:449,y:784,w:372,h:20},
{t:"fuel options for consumers, and we already provide ",p:22,x:449,y:804,w:372,h:20},
{t:"high-performance materials ",p:22,x:449,y:824,w:203,h:20},
{t:"for ",p:22,x:658,y:824,w:22,h:20},
{t:"photovoltaic solar ",p:22,x:687,y:824,w:134,h:20},
{t:"panels and fuel cells. We are working on refrigerant ",p:22,x:449,y:844,w:372,h:20},
{t:"alternatives with lower global warming potential, ",p:22,x:449,y:864,w:372,h:20},
{t:"and last year we announced the development of a ",p:22,x:449,y:884,w:372,h:20},
{t:"new car air conditioning refrigerant to meet the new ",p:22,x:449,y:904,w:372,h:20},
{t:"European Union regulations. We recently launched ",p:22,x:449,y:924,w:372,h:20},
{t:"the frst breathable roofng membrane which, used ",p:22,x:449,y:944,w:372,h:20},
{t:"together with another of our products, ",p:22,x:449,y:964,w:298,h:20},
{t:"forms an ",p:22,x:752,y:964,w:69,h:20},
{t:"envelope surrounding the entire home, saving up to ",p:22,x:449,y:984,w:372,h:20},
{t:"20 percent of energy costs.",p:22,x:449,y:1004,w:185,h:20},
{t:"We are keenly aware that the kinds ",p:22,x:449,y:1044,w:279,h:20},
{t:"of ",p:22,x:734,y:1044,w:17,h:20},
{t:"concrete ",p:22,x:758,y:1044,w:64,h:20},
{t:"action we are taking can also be taken by suppliers, ",p:22,x:449,y:1064,w:372,h:20},
{t:"customers and consumers ",p:22,x:449,y:1084,w:199,h:20},
{t:"throughout ",p:22,x:655,y:1084,w:84,h:20},
{t:"the ",p:22,x:747,y:1084,w:26,h:20},
{t:"value ",p:22,x:781,y:1084,w:40,h:20},
{t:"chains in which we operate.  We all need to take action ",p:22,x:449,y:1104,w:372,h:20},
{t:"on climate change in ways specifc to our businesses, ",p:22,x:449,y:1124,w:372,h:20},
{t:"work, and lifestyles.  We encourage dialogue among ",p:22,x:449,y:1144,w:372,h:20},
{t:"companies, the scientifc community, governments ",p:22,x:449,y:1164,w:372,h:20},
{t:"and environmental groups — and we urge action by ",p:22,x:449,y:1184,w:372,h:20},
{t:"everyone.  DuPont is committed to a global climate ",p:22,x:449,y:1204,w:372,h:20},
{t:"policy that ",p:22,x:449,y:1224,w:83,h:20},
{t:"is ",p:22,x:538,y:1224,w:14,h:20},
{t:"both environmentally efective and ",p:22,x:557,y:1224,w:264,h:20},
{t:"economically sustainable.  While specifc policy actions ",p:22,x:449,y:1244,w:372,h:20},
{t:"will still be discussed, what should not be debated is ",p:22,x:449,y:1264,w:372,h:20},
{t:"whether action is necessary.  On that point the debate ",p:22,x:449,y:1284,w:372,h:20},
{t:"should rest, because the early results are in and they ",p:22,x:449,y:1304,w:372,h:20},
{t:"confrm what we expected: action works. ",p:22,x:449,y:1325,w:286,h:20},
{t:"by Linda Fisher",p:22,x:55,y:447,w:311,h:60},
{t:"22",p:22,x:60,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:22,x:97,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"© C",p:23,x:1171,y:40,w:0,h:9},
{t:"a",p:23,x:1171,y:52,w:0,h:9},
{t:"ther",p:23,x:1171,y:56,w:0,h:9},
{t:"ine C",p:23,x:1171,y:70,w:0,h:9},
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{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:23,x:842,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"23",p:23,x:1134,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"MELT ING ICE - A HOT TOP IC?",p:24,x:731,y:150,w:174,h:12},
{t:"ask...",p:24,x:731,y:274,w:27,h:15},
{t:"UNEP",p:24,x:731,y:347,w:17,h:9},
{t:"a ",p:24,x:732,y:317,w:3,h:5},
{t:"polar bear",p:24,x:732,y:322,w:21,h:5},
{t:"a ",p:24,x:761,y:317,w:3,h:5},
{t:"farmer",p:24,x:761,y:322,w:14,h:5},
{t:"an ",p:24,x:790,y:317,w:6,h:5},
{t:"islander",p:24,x:790,y:322,w:16,h:5},
{t:"an ",p:24,x:819,y:317,w:6,h:5},
{t:"insurer",p:24,x:819,y:322,w:15,h:5},
{t:"an indigenous",p:24,x:849,y:317,w:28,h:5},
{t:"person",p:24,x:849,y:322,w:14,h:5},
{t:"WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY • 5 June 2007",p:24,x:753,y:339,w:152,h:9},
{t:"© Nick Cobbing / Still Pictures",p:24,x:876,y:275,w:28,h:2},
{t:"yourself!",p:24,x:880,y:297,w:22,h:7},
{t:"This year’s global World Environment Day celebrations take place in Norway — ",p:24,x:72,y:157,w:399,h:19},
{t:"in Oslo and Tromsø. Highlights of the celebrations in Tromsø include an Ecumenical ",p:24,x:72,y:177,w:399,h:18},
{t:"Service led by Archbishop Desmond Tutu in the Arctic Cathedral with representatives ",p:24,x:72,y:196,w:408,h:18},
{t:"of various faiths; the award ceremony for the International Children’s Painting ",p:24,x:72,y:215,w:376,h:18},
{t:"Competition; and a televised debate on the topic of melting ice and climate change. ",p:24,x:72,y:234,w:405,h:18},
{t:"On 5 June the celebrations will move to Oslo with the award ceremony for the ",p:24,x:72,y:253,w:376,h:18},
{t:"Sophie Prize, which will be given on this occasion to Former Prime Minister of ",p:24,x:72,y:272,w:375,h:18},
{t:"Sweden Goran Persson.  In the afternoon an art exhibit on climate change organized ",p:24,x:72,y:291,w:408,h:18},
{t:"by UNEP and the Natural World Museum will take place at the Nobel Peace Centre. ",p:24,x:72,y:310,w:397,h:18},
{t:"http://www.wed.npolar.no/world-environment-day-2007/",p:24,x:72,y:329,w:287,h:18},
{t:"world environment day",p:24,x:521,y:240,w:161,h:24},
{t:"climate change",p:24,x:979,y:240,w:105,h:24},
{t:"awards and events",p:24,x:277,y:47,w:649,h:98},
{t:"clean up the world",p:24,x:969,y:1084,w:128,h:24},
{t:"24",p:24,x:60,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:24,x:97,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"World Environment Day (WED) was established by the United Nations General ",p:24,x:728,y:361,w:392,h:19},
{t:"Assembly in 972 to mark the opening of the Stockholm Conference on the Human ",p:24,x:728,y:380,w:401,h:18},
{t:"Environment. Another resolution, adopted by the General Assembly the same ",p:24,x:728,y:399,w:375,h:18},
{t:"day, led to the creation of UNEP . Commemorated each year on 5 June, WED is one ",p:24,x:728,y:417,w:391,h:18},
{t:"of the principal vehicles through which the United Nations stimulates worldwide ",p:24,x:728,y:435,w:391,h:18},
{t:"awareness of the environment and enhances political attention and action. The ",p:24,x:728,y:454,w:383,h:18},
{t:"World Environment Day slogan selected for 2007 is ",p:24,x:728,y:472,w:247,h:18},
{t:"‘Melting Ice: a Hot Topic?’ In ",p:24,x:974,y:472,w:135,h:18},
{t:"support of International Polar Year, the WED theme selected for 2007 focuses on ",p:24,x:728,y:490,w:386,h:18},
{t:"the efects that climate change is having on polar ecosystems and communities, ",p:24,x:728,y:509,w:387,h:18},
{t:"and the ensuing consequences around the world.  ",p:24,x:728,y:527,w:242,h:18},
{t:"http://www.unep.org/wed/2007/english/",p:24,x:728,y:545,w:204,h:18},
{t:"After helping more than 00,000 people in 8,000 Indian households fnance ",p:24,x:295,y:1022,w:374,h:18},
{t:"clean energy from their PV solar electric home systems, UNEP’s Indian Solar Loan ",p:24,x:295,y:1041,w:391,h:18},
{t:"Programme, represented by project manager Jyoti Prasad Painuly, won an  ",p:24,x:295,y:1060,w:361,h:18},
{t:"Energy Globe award. The Energy Globe is bestowed annually on projects from ",p:24,x:295,y:1078,w:381,h:19},
{t:"around the world “which make careful and economical use of resources and ",p:24,x:295,y:1098,w:365,h:18},
{t:"employ alternative energy sources” . The four-year Indian Solar Loan Programme, ",p:24,x:295,y:1117,w:389,h:18},
{t:"launched in 2003 with support from the UN Foundation and the Shell Foundation, ",p:24,x:295,y:1136,w:397,h:18},
{t:"is a partnership between UNEP, the UNEP Risoe Centre on Energy, Climate and ",p:24,x:295,y:1155,w:375,h:18},
{t:"Sustainable Development, and two of India’s largest banking groups to establish a ",p:24,x:295,y:1174,w:397,h:18},
{t:"consumer credit market for fnancing solar home systems (SHS) in Southern India, ",p:24,x:295,y:1193,w:397,h:18},
{t:"where the conventional electricity grid is absent or unreliable. From a small, cash-",p:24,x:295,y:1212,w:394,h:18},
{t:"only business in 2003, the solar home sector market now sees more than 50% of ",p:24,x:295,y:1231,w:389,h:18},
{t:"sales fnanced by banks, with 20 banks with networks of more than 2,000 branches ",p:24,x:295,y:1250,w:403,h:18},
{t:"now ofering solar home fnancing. UNEP has used the success of the Indian ",p:24,x:295,y:1269,w:366,h:18},
{t:"Solar Loan Programme to expand into other areas, including solar water heating ",p:24,x:295,y:1288,w:389,h:18},
{t:"loan programmes in Morocco and Tunisia and others in development for Algeria, ",p:24,x:295,y:1307,w:388,h:18},
{t:"Indonesia, Mexico and Chile. http://www.uneptie.org/energy/act/fn/india/",p:24,x:295,y:1326,w:366,h:18},
{t:"The Goldman Environmental Prize is the world’s largest prize honoring ",p:24,x:730,y:580,w:363,h:19},
{t:"grassroots environmentalists, annually awarding US $25,000 to recipients ",p:24,x:730,y:600,w:363,h:18},
{t:"from each of the world’s six inhabited continental regions.  ",p:24,x:730,y:619,w:284,h:18},
{t:"The 2007 Goldman Environmental Prize winners, announced on 22 April, are: ",p:24,x:732,y:638,w:373,h:18},
{t:"North America: Sophia Rabliauskas, 47, Manitoba, Canada, for securing interim  ",p:24,x:748,y:657,w:369,h:18},
{t:"protection for the boreal forest of Manitoba.",p:24,x:748,y:676,w:212,h:18},
{t:"Africa: Hammerskjoeld Simwinga, 45, Zambia, for creating an innovative ",p:24,x:748,y:695,w:369,h:18},
{t:"community development programme that restored wildlife populations.",p:24,x:748,y:714,w:349,h:18},
{t:"Asia: Tsetsegee Munkhbayar, 40, Mongolia: Munkhbayar, for working with ",p:24,x:748,y:733,w:369,h:18},
{t:"government and grassroots organizations to shut down destructive mining  ",p:24,x:748,y:752,w:369,h:18},
{t:"operations along Mongolia’s scarce waterways.",p:24,x:748,y:771,w:226,h:18},
{t:"South & Central America: Julio Cusurichi, 36, Peru, for securing a national reserve  ",p:24,x:748,y:790,w:369,h:18},
{t:"in the remote Peruvian Amazon to protect sensitive rain forest ecosystems and ",p:24,x:748,y:809,w:369,h:18},
{t:"the rights of indigenous peoples.",p:24,x:748,y:828,w:158,h:18},
{t:"Europe: Willie Corduf, 53, Ireland, for halting construction of an illegally- ",p:24,x:748,y:847,w:369,h:18},
{t:"approved pipeline through their land. ",p:24,x:748,y:866,w:183,h:18},
{t:"Islands & Island Nations: Orri Vigfússon, 64, Iceland, for brokering  ",p:24,x:748,y:885,w:319,h:18},
{t:"international fshing rights buyouts with governments and corporations in  ",p:24,x:748,y:904,w:362,h:18},
{t:"the North Atlantic to stop destructive commercial salmon fshing.  ",p:24,x:748,y:923,w:319,h:18},
{t:"http://www.goldmanprize.org/",p:24,x:730,y:945,w:153,h:18},
{t:"*",p:24,x:730,y:653,w:10,h:23},
{t:"*",p:24,x:730,y:691,w:10,h:23},
{t:"*",p:24,x:730,y:729,w:10,h:23},
{t:"*",p:24,x:730,y:786,w:10,h:23},
{t:"*",p:24,x:730,y:843,w:10,h:23},
{t:"*",p:24,x:730,y:881,w:10,h:23},
{t:"March 2007 saw the start of International Polar Year 2007–2008, a worldwide ",p:24,x:77,y:580,w:389,h:19},
{t:"efort to increase understanding of how the Earth’s remote polar regions afect global ",p:24,x:77,y:600,w:407,h:18},
{t:"climate systems. Organized through the International Council for Science (ICSU) and ",p:24,x:77,y:619,w:399,h:18},
{t:"the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), IPY 2007-8 will involve more than 200 ",p:24,x:77,y:638,w:410,h:18},
{t:"projects, with thousands of scientists from over 60 nations examining a wide range ",p:24,x:77,y:657,w:395,h:18},
{t:"of physical, biological and social research topics. As part of IPY, UNEP is supporting ",p:24,x:77,y:676,w:390,h:18},
{t:"the ambitious Arctic Drift project in which the polar schooner Tara will drift for two ",p:24,x:77,y:695,w:393,h:18},
{t:"years trapped in the Arctic ice, providing an unprecedented platform for scientifc ",p:24,x:77,y:714,w:386,h:18},
{t:"observations and research on how the Arctic environment is changing, and relaying ",p:24,x:77,y:733,w:397,h:18},
{t:"its fndings to scientists, policy makers and the general public. Tara’s progress can be ",p:24,x:77,y:752,w:400,h:18},
{t:"followed on the expeditions pages of the UNEP website www.unep.org.",p:24,x:77,y:771,w:339,h:18},
{t:"With an estimated 35 million volunteers ",p:24,x:723,y:1021,w:196,h:18},
{t:"from more than 00 countries, the ",p:24,x:723,y:1040,w:167,h:18},
{t:"Clean Up the World campaign is ",p:24,x:723,y:1058,w:167,h:19},
{t:"UNEP’s major partner is promoting ",p:24,x:723,y:1078,w:169,h:18},
{t:"global awareness and action on the ",p:24,x:723,y:1097,w:173,h:18},
{t:"environment.  Each year the campaign, ",p:24,x:723,y:1116,w:190,h:18},
{t:"which peaks in September during Clean ",p:24,x:723,y:1135,w:194,h:18},
{t:"Up the World weekend, is linked to ",p:24,x:723,y:1154,w:169,h:18},
{t:"the theme of World Environment Day, ",p:24,x:723,y:1173,w:183,h:18},
{t:"providing its members with factsheets ",p:24,x:723,y:1192,w:188,h:18},
{t:"on the issues and website links to UNEP .  ",p:24,x:723,y:1211,w:195,h:18},
{t:"Clean Up the World members particpate ",p:24,x:723,y:1230,w:195,h:18},
{t:"in World Environment Day activities on ",p:24,x:723,y:1249,w:189,h:18},
{t:"all continenets and, this year, are being ",p:24,x:723,y:1268,w:191,h:18},
{t:"encouraged to contribute to the  ",p:24,x:723,y:1287,w:158,h:18},
{t:"Billion Tree Campaign  ",p:24,x:723,y:1306,w:109,h:18},
{t:"www.unep.org/billiontreecampaign.",p:24,x:723,y:1325,w:178,h:18},
{t:"international polar year",p:24,x:303,y:890,w:165,h:24},
{t:"energy globe awards",p:24,x:95,y:1258,w:144,h:24},
{t:"www",p:25,x:504,y:43,w:195,h:98},
{t:"french language",p:25,x:71,y:873,w:99,h:23},
{t:"www.greenfacts.org/en/climate-change-ar4/index.htm",p:25,x:71,y:906,w:263,h:18},
{t:"This site ofers a summary of the 2007 report of the Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on ",p:25,x:71,y:925,w:499,h:18},
{t:"Climate Change. The site allows readers to choose the level of detail that best suits their needs.",p:25,x:71,y:944,w:440,h:18},
{t:"www.ecologie.gouv.fr/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=960",p:25,x:71,y:982,w:264,h:18},
{t:"The French Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development website ofers in-depth information on ",p:25,x:71,y:1001,w:499,h:18},
{t:"climate change-related issues.",p:25,x:71,y:1020,w:141,h:18},
{t:"www.changement-climatique.fr",p:25,x:71,y:1058,w:152,h:18},
{t:"Created by the Economic and Social Council, the site ofers a blog for scientists, experts and the public to ",p:25,x:71,y:1077,w:499,h:18},
{t:"exchange ideas and debate climate change. ",p:25,x:71,y:1096,w:206,h:18},
{t:"mineco.fgov.be/energy/climate_change/home_fr.htm",p:25,x:71,y:1134,w:257,h:18},
{t:"The site contains documents that strive to explain the economics and science of climate change. A section ",p:25,x:71,y:1153,w:499,h:18},
{t:"for teachers ofers an educational quiz on climate change.",p:25,x:71,y:1172,w:269,h:18},
{t:"www.ec.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=6EE576BE- ",p:25,x:71,y:1210,w:250,h:18},
{t:"Environnement Canada, the website of Canada’s environmental bodies ofers an in-depth overview of ",p:25,x:71,y:1229,w:499,h:18},
{t:"Canada’s multi-pronged approach to combating climate change.",p:25,x:71,y:1248,w:299,h:18},
{t:"ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/campaign ",p:25,x:71,y:1286,w:212,h:18},
{t:"The European Commission’s You Control Climate Change campaign is helping individuals contribute to the ",p:25,x:71,y:1305,w:499,h:18},
{t:"fght against climate change.",p:25,x:71,y:1324,w:136,h:18},
{t:"Climate Change: Useful Links",p:25,x:60,y:137,w:199,h:24},
{t:"This ",p:25,x:60,y:175,w:21,h:18},
{t:"page ",p:25,x:86,y:175,w:25,h:18},
{t:"contains ",p:25,x:117,y:175,w:41,h:18},
{t:"links ",p:25,x:164,y:175,w:24,h:18},
{t:"to ",p:25,x:194,y:175,w:12,h:18},
{t:"websites ",p:25,x:211,y:175,w:43,h:18},
{t:"from ",p:25,x:260,y:175,w:24,h:18},
{t:"governments, ",p:25,x:290,y:175,w:67,h:18},
{t:"international ",p:25,x:363,y:175,w:63,h:18},
{t:"organizations, non-governmental organizations, businesses, media, and other ",p:25,x:60,y:194,w:366,h:18},
{t:"groups from around the world to help you research the complex phenomenon ",p:25,x:60,y:213,w:366,h:18},
{t:"of climate change. We have compiled these links from our own review of ",p:25,x:60,y:232,w:366,h:18},
{t:"the vast amount of information available on the Internet to help you to fnd ",p:25,x:60,y:251,w:366,h:18},
{t:"the most relevant sources for your research. Our Planet magazine does not, ",p:25,x:60,y:270,w:366,h:18},
{t:"however, endorse the viewpoints of any of the groups to which we link, and we ",p:25,x:60,y:289,w:366,h:18},
{t:"cannot guarantee the accuracy of the information posted on these sites. Rather, ",p:25,x:60,y:308,w:366,h:18},
{t:"we hope to provide you with a broad range of opinions and perspectives. ",p:25,x:60,y:327,w:341,h:18},
{t:"know the facts",p:25,x:60,y:363,w:89,h:23},
{t:"www.ipcc.ch/ ",p:25,x:60,y:400,w:67,h:18},
{t:"The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established by the World Meteorological ",p:25,x:60,y:419,w:471,h:18},
{t:"Organisation (WMO)and UNEP to assess scientifc, technical and socio-economic information relevant for the ",p:25,x:60,y:437,w:508,h:18},
{t:"understanding of climate change, its potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation.",p:25,x:60,y:456,w:458,h:18},
{t:"www.grida.no/climate/vital/",p:25,x:60,y:492,w:136,h:18},
{t:"Vital climate graphics, produced by UNEP GRID-Arendal, provides clear and easy to understand graphic ",p:25,x:60,y:511,w:479,h:18},
{t:"information on climate change, based on IPCC assessment reports, for use by scientists, policy makers, educators ",p:25,x:60,y:529,w:526,h:18},
{t:"and the public.",p:25,x:60,y:548,w:69,h:18},
{t:"unfccc.int/",p:25,x:60,y:584,w:49,h:18},
{t:"The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol provide the foundation for ",p:25,x:60,y:603,w:522,h:18},
{t:"global eforts to reverse global warming by reducing or ofsetting greenhouse gas emissions.",p:25,x:60,y:621,w:432,h:18},
{t:"www.unep.org/themes/climatechange/index.asp",p:25,x:60,y:658,w:233,h:18},
{t:"UNEP’s climate change site provides information on UNEP’s climate change work and links to UNEP’s partners.",p:25,x:60,y:676,w:510,h:18},
{t:"www.unep.org/wed/2007",p:25,x:621,y:364,w:123,h:18},
{t:"Information about the 2007 World Environment Day theme ",p:25,x:621,y:382,w:278,h:18},
{t:"‘Melting Ice: A Hot Topic’ , plus details about how to ",p:25,x:899,y:382,w:239,h:18},
{t:"plan or become involved in World Environment Day activities around the world.",p:25,x:621,y:400,w:369,h:18},
{t:"be part of the solution",p:25,x:621,y:438,w:136,h:23},
{t:"www.stopglobalwarming.org/",p:25,x:621,y:475,w:143,h:18},
{t:"“There is no more important cause than the call to action to save our planet. This is a movement about change, ",p:25,x:621,y:494,w:518,h:18},
{t:"as individuals, as a country, and as a global community. We are all contributors to global warming and we all ",p:25,x:621,y:512,w:508,h:18},
{t:"need to be part of the solution. ”",p:25,x:621,y:531,w:148,h:18},
{t:"www.avaaz.org/en/climate_action_g8/",p:25,x:621,y:567,w:190,h:18},
{t:"“People around the world taking action on pressing global issues. ”  Avaaz presented the frst 00,000 signatures ",p:25,x:621,y:586,w:522,h:18},
{t:"of a climate change petition to a G8 Environment Ministers meeting in March, and is collecting further ",p:25,x:621,y:604,w:478,h:18},
{t:"signatures for the June G8 leaders summit, where German Chancellor and G8 President Angela Merkel has made ",p:25,x:621,y:623,w:525,h:18},
{t:"climate change a priority issue.",p:25,x:621,y:641,w:144,h:18},
{t:"www.carbonfund.org",p:25,x:621,y:678,w:101,h:18},
{t:"“Reduce what you can, ofset what you can not. ” The Carbon Fund’s mission is a zero carbon world. It works to ",p:25,x:621,y:696,w:510,h:18},
{t:"reduce the threat of climate change by making it easy and afordable for any individual or business to reduce ",p:25,x:621,y:715,w:508,h:18},
{t:"their carbon footprint and support climate-friendly projects. ",p:25,x:621,y:733,w:283,h:18},
{t:"www.myclimate.org",p:25,x:621,y:770,w:96,h:18},
{t:"The Climate Protection Partnership is based on the concept of voluntary and innovative solutions for climate ",p:25,x:621,y:788,w:505,h:18},
{t:"protection and the promotion of renewable energy and energy efciency. The site contains a reference section ",p:25,x:621,y:807,w:514,h:18},
{t:"on organizations and event organizers who are already ofsetting CO2 emissions with myclimate.org. ",p:25,x:621,y:825,w:471,h:18},
{t:"www.carbonneutral.com",p:25,x:621,y:862,w:117,h:18},
{t:"The CarbonNeutral Company claims to be one of the world’s leading carbon ofset and climate consulting ",p:25,x:621,y:880,w:490,h:18},
{t:"businesses, helping thousands of people and hundreds of major companies around the world to measure, ",p:25,x:621,y:899,w:494,h:18},
{t:"reduce and ofset their CO2 emissions. The site contains links for business, carbon buyers, carbon projects and ",p:25,x:621,y:917,w:510,h:18},
{t:"climate friendly products.",p:25,x:621,y:935,w:119,h:18},
{t:"www.carbonfootprint.com",p:25,x:621,y:972,w:125,h:18},
{t:"Carbon Footprint is a measure of the impact human activities have on the environment in terms of the amount ",p:25,x:621,y:991,w:517,h:18},
{t:"of greenhouse gases produced, measured in units of CO2. This website encourages users to take three simple ",p:25,x:621,y:1009,w:507,h:18},
{t:"steps: . calculate your carbon footprint, 2. reduce your carbon footprint, and 3. of-set your carbon footprint.",p:25,x:621,y:1027,w:507,h:18},
{t:"enviro-cool",p:25,x:621,y:1065,w:69,h:23},
{t:"www.global-cool.com ",p:25,x:621,y:1102,w:107,h:18},
{t:"Backed by celebrities, musicians, politicians and business leaders this new global movement aims to reverse the ",p:25,x:621,y:1121,w:525,h:18},
{t:"efects of global warming by asking one billion people to reduce their carbon emissions by just one tonne a year, ",p:25,x:621,y:1139,w:525,h:18},
{t:"for the next decade through doing simple things such as unplugging your I-Pod or mobile phone charger when ",p:25,x:621,y:1158,w:525,h:18},
{t:"it’ s not in use. ",p:25,x:621,y:1176,w:66,h:18},
{t:"www.ecorazzi.com",p:25,x:621,y:1213,w:89,h:18},
{t:"“The latest in green gossip. ” Ecorazzi exists as “a conduit to report on the latest celebrity gossip as it pertains to ",p:25,x:621,y:1231,w:525,h:18},
{t:"activism and inspiring change... We also highlight humanitarian eforts, benefcial campaigns, fundraisers and ",p:25,x:621,y:1250,w:525,h:18},
{t:"acts of good. ”",p:25,x:621,y:1268,w:63,h:18},
{t:"www.treehugger.com",p:25,x:621,y:1305,w:103,h:18},
{t:"TreeHugger describes itself as “the leading media outlet dedicated to driving sustainability mainstream. Partial to ",p:25,x:621,y:1323,w:525,h:18},
{t:"a modern aesthetic, we strive to be a one-stop shop for green news, solutions, and product information. ”",p:25,x:621,y:1342,w:488,h:18},
{t:"www.unep.org",p:25,x:477,y:153,w:104,h:24},
{t:"Google Earth puts UNEP ofces on the Map - Ever wondered what UNEP headquarters in Nairobi looks like? Or where UNEP’s new ",p:25,x:477,y:191,w:640,h:18},
{t:"ofces in Panama City or Paris are? What about UNEP in Japan? Thanks to Google Earth and Google Maps technology, UNEP has now made ",p:25,x:477,y:210,w:640,h:18},
{t:"it easier to fnd any UNEP ofce anywhere in the world. Internet surfers with Google Earth will soon be able to go on virtual missions to any ",p:25,x:477,y:229,w:640,h:18},
{t:"UNEP regional ofce, outposted ofce, collaborating centre or secretariat, by simply downloading a small fle from www.unep.org. UNEP ",p:25,x:477,y:248,w:640,h:18},
{t:"logos will appear on their virtual globe and clicking on any one will take them to the ofce at that location, and show them the address ",p:25,x:477,y:267,w:640,h:18},
{t:"and background and contact information for the ofce. Depending on the detail of satellite images available, users may even be able to ",p:25,x:477,y:286,w:640,h:18},
{t:"zoom in to the exact building where the ofce is located.",p:25,x:477,y:305,w:264,h:18},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:25,x:842,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"25",p:25,x:1134,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"26",p:26,x:60,y:1368,w:10,h:15},
{t:"OUR PLANET MAGAZINE  CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CRYOSPHERE",p:26,x:97,y:1368,w:262,h:15},
{t:"products",p:26,x:458,y:45,w:287,h:98},
{t:"“Changing the World, One Gift at a ",p:26,x:92,y:222,w:159,h:17},
{t:"Time, ” http://ChangingThePresent.",p:26,x:92,y:240,w:157,h:17},
{t:"org allows you to protect an ",p:26,x:92,y:258,w:129,h:17},
{t:"acre of the rainforest, invest in a ",p:26,x:92,y:276,w:148,h:17},
{t:"sanitation programme or promote ",p:26,x:92,y:294,w:158,h:17},
{t:"environmental education.  ",p:26,x:92,y:312,w:123,h:17},
{t:"You can invest in environmental ",p:26,x:92,y:330,w:148,h:17},
{t:"research, fund a lawyer ",p:26,x:92,y:348,w:108,h:17},
{t:"defending land rights or help ",p:26,x:92,y:366,w:135,h:17},
{t:"fght climate change.  And ",p:26,x:92,y:384,w:122,h:17},
{t:"that’s just on the environment. ",p:26,x:92,y:402,w:142,h:17},
{t:"ChangingThePresent ofers ",p:26,x:92,y:420,w:124,h:17},
{t:"something for virtually any cause.",p:26,x:92,y:438,w:155,h:17},
{t:"ChangingThePresent.org",p:26,x:92,y:474,w:112,h:17},
{t:"One of the United States most enduring symbols — the school bus — is getting ",p:26,x:298,y:840,w:371,h:17},
{t:"a makeover thanks to IC Corporation, USA ’s largest school bus manufacturer, ",p:26,x:298,y:858,w:348,h:17},
{t:"and Enova Systems, a leading provider of hybrid drive systems. As a result of an ",p:26,x:298,y:876,w:362,h:17},
{t:"initiative called the Plug-In Hybrid Electric School Bus Project, 9 hybrid buses ",p:26,x:298,y:894,w:357,h:17},
{t:"have been awarded to states around the country by Advanced Energy, a non-",p:26,x:298,y:912,w:350,h:17},
{t:"proft corporation that initiated a buyer’s consortium of school districts, state ",p:26,x:298,y:930,w:352,h:17},
{t:"energy agencies and student transportation providers. The new hybrid school bus ",p:26,x:298,y:948,w:373,h:17},
{t:"technology could reduce emissions by 90 per cent. An added beneft: as school ",p:26,x:298,y:966,w:359,h:17},
{t:"buses are generally not air conditioned, their windows are commonly open in ",p:26,x:298,y:984,w:355,h:17},
{t:"warm weather. Children are therefore exposed to diesel exhaust during pickup and ",p:26,x:298,y:1002,w:379,h:17},
{t:"drop-of. The hybrid system promises reduced exposure diesel particulate matter. ",p:26,x:298,y:1020,w:372,h:17},
{t:"www.enovasystems.com/",p:26,x:298,y:1056,w:119,h:17},
{t:"According to the UK Department of ",p:26,x:297,y:222,w:162,h:17},
{t:"Environment, Food and Rural Afairs (DEFRA): ",p:26,x:297,y:240,w:209,h:17},
{t:"“If everyone boiled only the water they needed ",p:26,x:297,y:258,w:217,h:17},
{t:"to make a cup of tea instead of ",p:26,x:297,y:276,w:142,h:17},
{t:"‘flling’ the kettle ",p:26,x:438,y:276,w:79,h:17},
{t:"every time, we could save enough electricity to ",p:26,x:297,y:294,w:216,h:17},
{t:"run practically all the street lighting in the U.K. ” ",p:26,x:297,y:312,w:218,h:17},
{t:"The Eco Kettle has a patented dual reservoir, one ",p:26,x:297,y:330,w:222,h:17},
{t:"of which holds .5 litres of water, along with a ",p:26,x:297,y:348,w:213,h:17},
{t:"measuring button which allows any quantity ",p:26,x:297,y:366,w:207,h:17},
{t:"— from a single cupful to full capacity — to ",p:26,x:297,y:384,w:209,h:17},
{t:"be released into a separate boiling chamber, ",p:26,x:297,y:402,w:204,h:17},
{t:"saving consumers up to 30 per cent of energy ",p:26,x:297,y:420,w:208,h:17},
{t:"compared with a normal kettle. The kettle has a ",p:26,x:297,y:438,w:220,h:17},
{t:"3 kilowatt stainless steel concealed element, a ",p:26,x:297,y:456,w:213,h:17},
{t:"washable limescale flter, and a locking lid. ",p:26,x:297,y:474,w:198,h:17},
{t:"www.ecokettle.com",p:26,x:297,y:510,w:92,h:17},
{t:"The Sustainable Model in Lighting for Everyone (SMILE) project, ",p:26,x:553,y:462,w:292,h:17},
{t:"spearheaded by Royal Philips Electronics, aims to provide afordable,  ",p:26,x:553,y:480,w:316,h:17},
{t:"high-quality, energy-efcient lighting where it is most needed.  ",p:26,x:553,y:498,w:293,h:17},
{t:"Two lighting solutions are the heart of SMILE: a rechargeable ",p:26,x:553,y:516,w:279,h:17},
{t:"portable lantern, and a hand-cranked LED fashlight. In partnership ",p:26,x:553,y:534,w:310,h:17},
{t:"with UNEP Sasakawa Environment Prize winner Development ",p:26,x:553,y:552,w:283,h:17},
{t:"Alternatives, Development of Humane Action Foundation and ",p:26,x:553,y:570,w:283,h:17},
{t:"MART Rural Solutions, Philips is developing a business model that ",p:26,x:553,y:588,w:302,h:17},
{t:"will allow families to light their homes without creating indoor air ",p:26,x:553,y:606,w:304,h:17},
{t:"pollution or risking fre. Currently available in four Indian States, ",p:26,x:553,y:624,w:294,h:17},
{t:"the programme will soon be rolled out to eight more. The products ",p:26,x:553,y:642,w:306,h:17},
{t:"also beneft shopkeepers, night fshermen, and children studying ",p:26,x:553,y:660,w:299,h:17},
{t:"at home.  ",p:26,x:553,y:678,w:45,h:17},
{t:"www.philips.com/About/sustainability/Section-5220/article-",p:26,x:553,y:714,w:288,h:17},
{t:"6680.html",p:26,x:553,y:732,w:53,h:17},
{t:"Illegal logging is both big business and ",p:26,x:910,y:360,w:180,h:17},
{t:"a major contributor to climate change. ",p:26,x:910,y:378,w:177,h:17},
{t:"Developed by the Tropical Forest Trust, ",p:26,x:910,y:396,w:176,h:17},
{t:"TracElite is a global computerized system that ",p:26,x:910,y:414,w:210,h:17},
{t:"tracks wood from stump to store aiding the ",p:26,x:910,y:432,w:199,h:17},
{t:"battle against illegal logging and helping ",p:26,x:910,y:450,w:191,h:17},
{t:"consumers choose sustainable products. ",p:26,x:910,y:468,w:185,h:17},
{t:"Under the system, which has been tested in ",p:26,x:910,y:486,w:201,h:17},
{t:"Indonesia, a tree destined for legal felling is ",p:26,x:910,y:504,w:202,h:17},
{t:"given a unique barcode identifying its type ",p:26,x:910,y:522,w:197,h:17},
{t:"and location, which it carries all through ",p:26,x:910,y:540,w:186,h:17},
{t:"the process from forest to furniture. When ",p:26,x:910,y:558,w:193,h:17},
{t:"the barcode is scanned, a server in London ",p:26,x:910,y:576,w:195,h:17},
{t:"verifes the information. Because the system ",p:26,x:910,y:594,w:205,h:17},
{t:"functions via the Internet, it is always on. ",p:26,x:910,y:612,w:190,h:17},
{t:"Wholesalers and retailers can act immediately ",p:26,x:910,y:630,w:213,h:17},
{t:"to identify problems before products ",p:26,x:910,y:648,w:169,h:17},
{t:"containing wood of unknown origin are ",p:26,x:910,y:666,w:183,h:17},
{t:"manufactured, packaged and shipped.",p:26,x:910,y:684,w:175,h:17},
{t:"www.tracelite.com",p:26,x:910,y:720,w:88,h:17},
{t:"Changing The Present",p:26,x:95,y:177,w:151,h:24},
{t:"Eco Kettle",p:26,x:373,y:177,w:68,h:24},
{t:"Smile",p:26,x:691,y:177,w:38,h:24},
{t:"TracElite",p:26,x:986,y:177,w:59,h:24},
{t:"Hybrid school bus",p:26,x:427,y:802,w:120,h:24},
{t:"Plantic",p:26,x:146,y:741,w:48,h:24},
{t:"“Changing the nature of ",p:26,x:91,y:990,w:112,h:17},
{t:"plastics” is the slogan of ",p:26,x:91,y:1008,w:111,h:17},
{t:"Plantic, an Australian based ",p:26,x:91,y:1026,w:129,h:17},
{t:"biodegradable materials ",p:26,x:91,y:1044,w:114,h:17},
{t:"technology company. Plantic ",p:26,x:91,y:1062,w:134,h:17},
{t:"Technologies has developed an ",p:26,x:91,y:1080,w:144,h:17},
{t:"entirely biodegradable, water ",p:26,x:91,y:1098,w:138,h:17},
{t:"soluble and organic alternative ",p:26,x:91,y:1116,w:143,h:17},
{t:"to conventional plastics based ",p:26,x:91,y:1134,w:139,h:17},
{t:"on non-genetically modifed ",p:26,x:91,y:1152,w:133,h:17},
{t:"corn. One its latest uses was ",p:26,x:91,y:1170,w:129,h:17},
{t:"on So Organic Easter Eggs from ",p:26,x:91,y:1188,w:143,h:17},
{t:"Sainsbury. According to an article ",p:26,x:91,y:1206,w:154,h:17},
{t:"in The London Times, Sainsbury’s ",p:26,x:91,y:1224,w:152,h:17},
{t:"use of this new bioresponsible ",p:26,x:91,y:1242,w:140,h:17},
{t:"packaging could save seven ",p:26,x:91,y:1260,w:128,h:17},
{t:"tonnes in landfll waste.",p:26,x:91,y:1278,w:109,h:17},
{t:"www.plantic.com.au",p:26,x:91,y:1314,w:96,h:17},
{t:"Australian Environment Minister Malcolm ",p:26,x:928,y:877,w:192,h:17},
{t:"Turnbull made global headlines in ",p:26,x:928,y:895,w:158,h:17},
{t:"February 2007 when he announced that ",p:26,x:928,y:913,w:185,h:17},
{t:"Australia would phase out incandescent ",p:26,x:928,y:931,w:184,h:17},
{t:"light bulbs in a bid to curb greenhouse ",p:26,x:928,y:949,w:178,h:17},
{t:"gas emissions. Yellow incandescent ",p:26,x:928,y:967,w:163,h:17},
{t:"bulbs, which have been in use virtually ",p:26,x:928,y:985,w:179,h:17},
{t:"unchanged since their invention in the ",p:26,x:928,y:1003,w:178,h:17},
{t:"9th century, will be replaced by more ",p:26,x:928,y:1021,w:177,h:17},
{t:"efcient compact fuorescent bulbs by ",p:26,x:928,y:1039,w:176,h:17},
{t:"2009. Approximately 95 per cent of the ",p:26,x:928,y:1057,w:180,h:17},
{t:"power consumed by an incandescent ",p:26,x:928,y:1075,w:171,h:17},
{t:"light bulb is emitted as heat, rather than ",p:26,x:928,y:1093,w:187,h:17},
{t:"as visible light., With less than 5 per cent ",p:26,x:928,y:1111,w:187,h:17},
{t:"efciency, an incandescent light bulb ",p:26,x:928,y:1129,w:172,h:17},
{t:"is about one quarter as efcient as a ",p:26,x:928,y:1147,w:167,h:17},
{t:"fuorescent lamp, which is about 20 per ",p:26,x:928,y:1165,w:182,h:17},
{t:"cent efcient. Banning incandescent bulbs ",p:26,x:928,y:1183,w:196,h:17},
{t:"could cut 800,000 tonnes of carbon  from ",p:26,x:928,y:1201,w:189,h:17},
{t:"Australia’s current emissions by 202  ",p:26,x:928,y:1219,w:172,h:17},
{t:"and lower household lighting costs by  ",p:26,x:928,y:1237,w:178,h:17},
{t:"66 per cent.",p:26,x:928,y:1255,w:53,h:17},
{t:"http://www.environment.gov.au/",p:26,x:928,y:1291,w:155,h:17},
{t:"minister/env/2007/pubs/mr23apr07.pdf",p:26,x:928,y:1309,w:186,h:17},
{t:"Light relief",p:26,x:881,y:802,w:76,h:24},
{t:"Climate change is “the ultimate wake-up call” says Peter Garrett — and he ",p:27,x:60,y:67,w:534,h:20},
{t:"should know, having sounded quite a few alarms in his time. As the whirling ",p:27,x:60,y:87,w:534,h:20},
{t:"dervish lead singer of the aggressive hard rock/punk band Midnight Oil he ",p:27,x:60,y:107,w:534,h:20},
{t:"helped shake up the music industry. As an environmental and human rights ",p:27,x:60,y:127,w:534,h:20},
{t:"activist he has long campaigned on issues ranging from uranium mining to ",p:27,x:60,y:147,w:534,h:20},
{t:"indigenous people’s rights, from homeless young people to tropical rainforests. ",p:27,x:60,y:167,w:534,h:20},
{t:"And now, as a politician, he is devoting much of his time to global warming.",p:27,x:60,y:187,w:519,h:20},
{t:"Born 54 years ago in Wahroonga, on the outskirts of Sydney, he grew up ",p:27,x:60,y:227,w:533,h:20},
{t:"playing in, and exploring, the bush around his home — and beat asthma ",p:27,x:60,y:247,w:534,h:20},
{t:"partly by taking up surfng. He told Our Planet: “I think these experiences ",p:27,x:60,y:267,w:534,h:20},
{t:"awakened in me a love of the natural environment. ”",p:27,x:60,y:287,w:355,h:20},
{t:"In his late teens he helped form a progressive rock group, which evolved into ",p:27,x:60,y:327,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Midnight Oil in 1976. Originally closely associated with the Sydney surfng ",p:27,x:60,y:347,w:534,h:20},
{t:"community — and described by Rolling Stone Magazine as “one of the most ",p:27,x:60,y:367,w:534,h:20},
{t:"signifcant bands ever to come out of Australia” — it became as noted for ",p:27,x:60,y:387,w:534,h:20},
{t:"its fercely independent stance and campaigning as for its sound. “We were ",p:27,x:60,y:407,w:534,h:20},
{t:"always interested in what was unfolding around us, ” he says, “and as writers ",p:27,x:60,y:427,w:534,h:20},
{t:"and musicians we travelled a lot and came to see that deterioration of the ",p:27,x:60,y:447,w:534,h:20},
{t:"environment was happening all around us. ”",p:27,x:60,y:467,w:300,h:20},
{t:"Their songs and albums picked up their campaigning themes, ",p:27,x:144,y:507,w:449,h:20},
{t:"but they became ",p:27,x:474,y:527,w:119,h:20},
{t:"particularly  ",p:27,x:507,y:547,w:86,h:20},
{t:"known for protest and beneft shows. In 1990 they performed on a truck in ",p:27,x:614,y:67,w:534,h:20},
{t:"front of the Exxon building in New York under a banner reading “Midnight ",p:27,x:614,y:87,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Oil makes you dance, Exxon Oil makes us sick” in protest at the Exxon Valdez ",p:27,x:614,y:107,w:534,h:20},
{t:"oil spill in Alaska. They staged similar protests at the Jubiluka uranium mine ",p:27,x:614,y:127,w:534,h:20},
{t:"in Arnhem Land; at Clayquot, on Canada’s Vancouver Island, scene of an epic ",p:27,x:614,y:147,w:534,h:20},
{t:"battle over the future of temperate rainforest; and against air pollution in São ",p:27,x:614,y:167,w:534,h:20},
{t:"Paolo, Brazil.",p:27,x:614,y:187,w:85,h:20},
{t:"Garrett points out that many other artists took up environmental causes, ",p:27,x:614,y:227,w:534,h:20},
{t:"but acknowledges: “I think we were part of the change in attitudes to the ",p:27,x:614,y:247,w:534,h:20},
{t:"environment that came to the fore in the early 90s, so maybe in some ways ",p:27,x:614,y:267,w:534,h:20},
{t:"our music simply became a soundtrack for that period. ”",p:27,x:614,y:287,w:380,h:20},
{t:"But perhaps Midnight Oil’s most efective coup came at the closing ceremony ",p:27,x:614,y:327,w:534,h:20},
{t:"of the 2000 Sydney Olympics when the band walked onstage in clothes bearing ",p:27,x:614,y:347,w:534,h:20},
{t:"the word “Sorry” , in apology to the ‘stolen generation’ of aboriginal children ",p:27,x:614,y:367,w:534,h:20},
{t:"taken from their parents by Government agencies and religious missions in ",p:27,x:614,y:387,w:534,h:20},
{t:"the frst seven decades of the 20th century. As he points out: “There is a very ",p:27,x:614,y:407,w:534,h:20},
{t:"important linkage between the state of the environment and the capacity of ",p:27,x:614,y:427,w:534,h:20},
{t:"indigenous people to have productive livelihoods and a strong say over what ",p:27,x:614,y:447,w:534,h:20},
{t:"happens in their community. ”",p:27,x:614,y:467,w:203,h:20},
{t:"He served two terms as President of the Australian Conservation Foundation, ",p:27,x:614,y:507,w:534,h:20},
{t:"during which it grew strongly in capacity and infuence, built partnerships ",p:27,x:614,y:527,w:534,h:20},
{t:"with other conservation groups, farmers and business — and won important ",p:27,x:614,y:547,w:534,h:20},
{t:"campaigns, not least over protecting Antarctica and conserving Queensland ",p:27,x:614,y:567,w:534,h:20},
{t:"rainforest. In 1984 he ran for the Australian Senate as a candidate of the Nuclear ",p:27,x:614,y:587,w:533,h:20},
{t:"Disarmament Party, which he helped to found, but fnally entered parliament ",p:27,x:614,y:607,w:534,h:20},
{t:"in 2004 as a Labour member. He is now Shadow Minister for Climate Change, ",p:27,x:629,y:627,w:518,h:20},
{t:"Environment and Heritage and Shadow Minister for the Arts.",p:27,x:641,y:647,w:415,h:20},
{t:"“Climate change, with its pervasive scope and likely consequences, has ",p:27,x:649,y:687,w:498,h:20},
{t:"arrived as the ultimate wake up call for us all, ” he says. “It is a once in ",p:27,x:662,y:707,w:485,h:20},
{t:"a generation opportunity to harness our human endeavours, and ",p:27,x:684,y:727,w:463,h:20},
{t:"build a low carbon economy where the prospects for future ",p:27,x:716,y:747,w:432,h:20},
{t:"generations are good. ”",p:27,x:734,y:767,w:156,h:20},
{t:"Peter Garrett",p:27,x:64,y:1257,w:1076,h:161},
{t:"© ",p:27,x:1171,y:39,w:0,h:10},
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